English 7 Clauses, Phrases and Sentences

English 7 Clauses, Phrases and Sentences

1. ENGLISH 7 CLAUSES, PHRASES AND SENTENCES

2. OBJECTIVES: 1.DEFINE AND DIFFERENTIATE PHRASE, CLAUSES, AND SENTENCES 2.DIFFERENTIATE 2 TYPES OF CLAUSES 3.IDENTIFY PHRASES, CLAUSES AND SENTENCES 4.WRITE MEANINGFUL SENTENCES

3. A PHRASE IS A GROUP OF (1) RELATED WORDS (WITHIN A SENTENCE), (2) WITHOUT BOTH SUBJECT AND VERB AND (3) DOES NOT EXPRESS A COMPLETE IDEA.

4. EXAMPLES: THEY ARE CLAPPING FOR THE POPE. ( ONLY VERB BUT WITHOUT A SUBJECT)

5. NURSES VOLUNTEER IN FREE CLINICS. ( RELATED WORDS; NO COMPLETE IDEA)

6. THE NEW STUDENT IS FROM MINDANAO. (ONLY SUBJECT BUT WITHOUT A VERB)

7. TYPES OF PHRASES A. NOUN PHRASE CONSISTS OF A NOUN AND OTHER RELATED WORDS (USUALLY MODIFIERS AND DETERMINERS) WHICH MODIFY THE NOUN. IT FUNCTIONS LIKE A NOUN IN A SENTENCE.

8. Example: Delia had a weak heart. (The phrase a weak heart is considered a noun phrase; heart is the noun and weak is a modifier.)

9. SOME EXAMPLES OF HELPING VERBS ARE THE FOLLOWING: AM, IS, ARE, BE, HAS, HAVE, DO, DOES, MAY, MIGHT, MUST, CAN, SHALL AND WILL.

10. A VERB PHRASE IS A COMBINATION OF MAIN VERB AND ITS AUXILIARY (HELPING VERB) IN A SENTENCE.

11. ADJECTIVE PHRASES, LIKE ADJECTIVES MODIFY NOUNS. THEY TELL OR ANSWER THE QUESTIONS WHICH, WHAT KIND.

12. Example: I was engulfed by a sudden feeling of pity and guilt. (The phrase was engulfed is a verb phrase; engulfed is the main verb and was is the helping verb.)

13. Example: He was the only child of the family. (The phrase modifies the noun child. )

14. David told us a story about his hometown. (The phrase modifies the noun story.)

15. The boys make a colorful Christmas lantern.

16. ADVERB PHRASES , LIKE ADVERBS, MODIFY VERBS, ADJECTIVES, ADVERBS AND ANSWER THE SAME RANGE OF QUESTIONS AS ADVERBS.

17. Gwen dances gracefully. The students silently went outside. The teacher clearly discussed the topic.

18. How? He shouted with relief. (The phrase modifies the verb shouted.) When? For the first time, I saw the boat tied to a salambao . (The phrase modifies the verb saw.)

19. Where? I put a piece of putoseco into my mouth. (The phrase modifies the noun child.) Why? Because of his father’s job, the family had moved to Malabon. (The phrase modifies the verb had moved.)

20. David told us a story about his hometown. (The phrase modifies the noun story.)

21. PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES Prepositions are words that show relationship between objects, people and events. They express relationship in space and time. Example: across, along, in, by, against, to, for and others.

22. A prepositional phrase includes the preposition together with its object. along the avenues Under the sea from the poem’s cover

23. Clause is a group of words with at least a subject and a verb. Clauses can be independent or dependent.

24. AN INDEPENDENT OR MAIN CLAUSE CAN STAND BY ITSELF.

25. A DEPENDENT OR SUBORDINATE CLAUSE HAS A SUBJECT AND A VERB BUT IT CANNOT STAND BY ITSELF BECAUSE IT STARTS WITH SUBORDINATE WORDS; THUS, IT CAN ONLY BE PART OF A SENTENCE.

26. Examples: My neighbor purchased a big house before they went abroad.

27. He built high walls around its house when he knew theft is rampant.

28. Because of heavy rains, classes are suspended.

29. If a sentence aims to make a statement about a fact, make a point, or state an idea, that is called a declarative sentence. This type of sentence helps you develop your ideas. If you want to state that something is, then use declarative sentence. Remember, declarative sentences end in a period.

30. Examples: 1.He was twenty-two. (stating a fact) 2.I had felt too weak to refuse.(making a point) 3.She would perhaps never write back.(stating an idea)

31. A sentence which asks for information is called an interrogative sentence. It requires a response. An interrogative sentence ends with a question mark (?).

32. WH questions are interrogatives that begin with what, who, when, where, why, and how. Example: What makes a healthy relationship? How do you value your loved ones?