ENGLISH 8- First Quarter - week 2 Lesson

English 8 week 2

1. ENGLISH 8 ANGELIE A. PARENO, LPT

2. PLOT refers to how the author arranges events to develop the basic idea; it is the sequence of events in a story or play. is a planned, logical series of events having a beginning, middle, and end. The short story usually has one plot so it can be read in one sitting.

3. In a pyramidic or linear structure of a story plot, there are six essential parts of events: 1) Exposition (introduction) – This is the beginning of the story where the characters and setting are revealed. 2) Inciting Incident or Complication – This is a small, single event that gives birth or leads to the conflict. Without this, the conflict will not be developed in the rising action.

4. 3) Rising Action – As the story unfolds, the events become complicated; the conflict is gradually developed. These events happen between the introduction and climax. Conflict - Essential to plot, opposition ties incidents together and moves the plot. Not merely limited to arguments, conflict can be any of the struggle the main character faces . Within a short story, there may be only one central struggle, or there may be many minor obstacles within a dominant struggle.

5. There are two general types of conflict: Internal Conflict- Struggle within one's self Character vs. Self - Struggles with own soul, physical limitations, choices, etc. External Conflict- Struggle with a force outside one's self Character vs. Character - Struggles against other people. Character vs. Nature - Struggles against animals, weather, environment, etc. Character vs. Society - Struggles against ideas, practices, customs of others

6. 4) Climax – This refers to the turning and highest point of the story. Readers wonder what will happen next; will the conflict be resolved or not . Consider the climax as a three-fold phenomenon: Main character receives new information. Main character accepts this information (realizes it but does not necessarily agree with it). Main character acts on this information (makes a choice that will determine whether or not the objective is met).

7. 5) Falling action – In this part, the resolution begins; events and complications start to fall into place. These are the events between climax and denouement. 6) Resolution (Conclusion) – This is the final outcome of events in the story.

8. O rigins of the Arabian Nights Arabian Nights, more properly known as One Thousand and One Nights is a collection of Middle Eastern and South Asian stories and folk tales, compiled in Arabic during the Islamic Golden Age. This period lasted from the eighth century to the thirteenth century, when much of the Arabic-speaking world experienced a scientific, economic, and cultural flourishing – One Thousand and One Nights epitomizing the rich and multifaceted literary output.

9. O rigins of the Arabian Nights One day, King Shahryār discovers that his wife has been unfaithful. Consequently, he has her executed. But in his bitterness and grief, he decides that all women are the same. Shahryār begins to marry a succession of virgins only to execute each one the next morning before she has a chance to dishonour him. Eventually, the vizier, whose duty it is to provide them, cannot find any more virgins.

10. O rigins of the Arabian Nights Scheherazade, the vizier’s daughter, offers herself as the next bride and her father reluctantly agrees. On the night of their marriage, Scheherazade begins to tell the King a tale but does not end it. The King, curious about how the story ends, is thus forced to postpone her execution in order to hear the conclusion.

11. O rigins of the Arabian Nights The next night, as soon as she finishes the tale, she begins (and only begins) a new one, and the King, eager to hear the conclusion, postpones her execution once again. So, it goes on for 1,001 nights.

12. 1. Who are the characters? Describe them. King Shahryār – A powerful ruler who becomes bitter and distrustful of women after discovering his wife’s betrayal. He marries virgins and executes them the next day. Scheherazade – The vizier’s intelligent and courageous daughter who volunteers to marry the king to save future women from execution. She tells captivating stories to postpone her execution. The Vizier – The king’s advisor and father of Scheherazade, who reluctantly agrees to let his daughter marry the king.

13. 2. When and where does the story happen? The story takes place during the Islamic Golden Age (8th–13th century) in the Middle East and South Asia , within the royal palace of King Shahryār.

14. 3. What is the problem in the story? King Shahryār executes his wives each morning after marriage due to his mistrust and bitterness toward women, causing fear and suffering in the kingdom.

15. 4 . How is the problem addressed? What is the solution to the problem? Scheherazade tells unfinished stories every night, making the king postpone her execution to hear the ending. Over time, her stories soften the king’s heart and make him reconsider his actions.

16. 6. How does the story end? The king reforms his ways, Scheherazade is saved, and peace is restored to the kingdom.

17. Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves Once upon a time, two brothers used to live in Persia. Their names were Ali Baba and Kassim. Kassim was the older brother. After their father’s death, Kassim said that it wasn’t Ali Baba’s home anymore. So, Ali Baba fled his home and climbed up the mountain to find forty thieves. The 40 thieves stood in front of the large rock and said, “OPEN SEESAME!” These magic words opened the rock, and the 40 thieves entered the cave. “What a sight!” Ali Baba thought.

18. Ali Baba approached the large rock after the thieves had left and said, “OPE N SESEAME!” The cave opened, and Ali Baba entered it. The cave was full of treasures. “Amazing!” Ali Baba exclaimed. He took some of the treasures with him and became rich.

19. Kassim learned about this and was jealous of his brother. He went to Ali Baba’s home and asked him, “Where did all this stuff come from?” Ali Baba, after some time, revealed the secret location to his brother. Kassim couldn’t wait and ran to the cave. “OPEN SEESAME!” he shouted, and the cave opened. He filled his bag with all the treasures.

20. When he was leaving, he saw that the large rock had locked the cave. Kassim tried to think of the secret words and tried saying everything, “OPEN DONKY!” OPEN MONKEY!” but it didn’t work. The thieves returned to the cave and found Kassim. The thieves killed him.

21. Ali Baba learned about his brother, took him out of the cave and buried him. The t hieves learned that the body was gone and were angry. “Someone was there and took him”, they said, “Let’s find that person.” They soon found out it was Ali Baba.

22. One of the thieves finally found Ali Baba and robbed his home. Ali Baba’s maid was clever and marked all doors in the neighbourhood with the same marking as the one on their door. The thieves again arrived the next day to steal from Ali Baba but couldn’t find his house as all of the doors had the exact same marking. The thieves finally found Ali Baba’s house and entered. They hid in large jars. The maid saw them hiding and filled the jars with boiling oil. The thieves hiding in the jars died.

23. The chief of thieves was left. Ali Baba invited him to his house as a guest. Ali Baba didn’t know who he was, but his maid was able to identify him. “Be my guest!” said the maid, “Relax and enjoy the show!” She brought two swords and began to dance and moved closer to the chief of thieves as she moved. The maid then stabbed the chief and told the truth about his identity to Ali Baba. The maid’s wisdom and help surprised Ali Baba. “Thank you for saving my life,” Ali Baba said and married her after some time. They lived happily ever after.

24. Guide Questions: 1. Who are the characters? Describe them. 2. When and where does the story happen? 3. What is the problem in the story? 4. How is the problem addressed? What is the solution to the problem? 5. What happened after the problem is solved? 6. How does the story end?

25. 1. Who are the characters? Describe them. Ali Baba – A kind and humble man who discovers the secret cave of the forty thieves and becomes wealthy. Kassim – Ali Baba’s greedy and jealous older brother who dies after failing to escape from the cave. The Forty Thieves – A group of robbers who hide their treasure in the cave and try to find the person who discovered their secret. The Chief of Thieves – Leader of the forty thieves, who later disguises himself to attack Ali Baba. Ali Baba’s Maid – A wise, clever, and brave woman who outsmarts the thieves multiple times and saves Ali Baba’s life.

26. 2. When and where does the story happen? Time: A long time ago (“Once upon a time”). Place: In Persia (ancient Iran), mainly in the mountains (where the cave is) and Ali Baba’s house.

27. 3. What is the problem in the story? Ali Baba accidentally discovers the treasure of the forty thieves. The thieves become aware that someone knows their secret and try to find and kill him.

28. 4. How is the problem addressed? What is the solution to the problem? A li Baba’s maid cleverly prevents the thieves from robbing Ali Baba by: Marking all houses with the same symbol to confuse them. Killing the thieves hiding in the jars with boiling oil. Identifying and killing the chief of the thieves during a sword dance.

29. 5. What happened after the problem is solved? Ali Baba is safe from the thieves, and he recognizes the maid’s courage and wisdom in saving his life

30. 6. How does the story end? Ali Baba thanks the maid and later marries her. They live happily ever after without fear of the thieves.

31. Point of View This refers to the angle or perspective from which the story is told . This can be identified by the pronoun that the narrator uses to tell the story.

32. Ty pes of POV First Person POV Second Person POV Third Person POV

33. TYPES OF POV First Person POV The story is told by the protagonist or a character who interacts closely with the protagonist or other characters. The speaker uses the pronouns "I", "me", "we". The readers experience the story through this person's eyes and only knows what he/she knows and feels.

34. Example of First Person POV "I couldn’t believe what I saw. As I hid behind a tree, I watched forty thieves stand in front of a huge rock. One of them shouted, ‘OPEN SEESAME!’ and to my amazement, the rock split open to reveal a cave filled with treasures. When they left, I whispered the same words, and the cave opened for me. My heart pounded as I stepped inside. Gold, jewels, and silver sparkled everywhere. I grabbed as much as I could carry and ran home, my hands shaking from excitement and fear."

35. TYPES OF POV Second Person POV The story is told by a narrator who addresses the reader using the pronoun "you"; the speaker uses pronouns "you", "your", and "yours".

36. Example of Second Person POV "You stand quietly behind a tree, your heart racing as you watch forty thieves approach a giant rock. One of them shouts, ‘OPEN SEESAME!’ and, to your shock, the rock slides open to reveal a hidden cave filled with treasure. When they leave, you step closer, whisper the same words, and the rock opens for you. Inside, you see piles of gold and jewels glittering in the dim light. You grab as much as you can carry, knowing this secret will change your life forever."

37. TYPES OF POV Third Person POV The story is told by a narrator who sees all of the action; the speaker uses the pronouns "he", "she", "it", "they", "his", "hers", "its", and "theirs". This person may be a character in the story.

38. T wo types of third person POV: Limited – The narrator describes the action of events through the eyes of a single character ; the readers only see what the character sees, feels, or thinks. Omniscient – The narrator can enter into the character’s consciousness, describe their motives, feelings, and actions, and predict likely events to happen Thus, as the narrator can move from one character's mind to another, the narrator knows and sees everything.

39. Example of Limited Third Person POV Ali Baba hid behind a tree, his eyes wide as he watched the forty thieves gather before the giant rock. His heart pounded when the leader shouted, “OPEN SEESAME!” and the rock slid open to reveal a hidden cave glittering with treasure. Ali Baba could hardly believe what he was seeing. When the thieves left, he stepped forward, whispered the same magic words, and entered the cave. Amazement washed over him as he looked at the gold and jewels, thinking only of how this discovery would change his life.

40. Example of Omniscent Third Person POV Ali Baba hid behind the tree, amazed by the scene before him, while the forty thieves confidently shouted, “OPEN SEESAME!” None of them realized they were being watched. Inside the cave, countless treasures sparkled — gold, jewels, and silver that tempted even the most honest heart. Far away, Kassim, Ali Baba’s greedy brother, was already plotting how to claim the treasure for himself once he learned the secret. Neither brother knew that the thieves would soon discover the missing riches and seek revenge, setting events in motion that would test courage, loyalty, and wit.

41. ACTIVITY!! CHANGING PERSPECTIVES Retell the story of Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves from Ali Baba’s Point of View (1st Person Point of View)

42. Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves Once upon a time, my brother Kassim and I lived in Persia. Kassim was older than me. After our father died, Kassim told me that the house was no longer mine and that I had to leave. Heartbroken, I left our home and wandered into the mountains. While I was there, I saw forty thieves standing in front of a large rock. To my surprise, they shouted the words, “OPEN SESAME!” and the rock magically opened, revealing a cave.

43. I hid until they left, then I went to the rock and whispered the same words. To my amazement, the cave opened for me too. Inside, I found piles of treasure beyond my wildest dreams. I took some of the riches and quietly returned home. Soon, Kassim discovered my newfound wealth and grew jealous. He demanded to know where I got all the treasures, and I eventually revealed my secret to him. Without wasting any time, he rushed to the cave. I later learned that he forgot the magic words to leave, and when the thieves returned, they killed him. With a heavy heart, I went to the cave, retrieved my brother’s body, and gave him a proper burial.

44. The thieves realized someone had taken the body and knew I was the one. They plotted against me and came to my home. Thankfully, my clever maid discovered their plan. She tricked them by marking all the neighborhood doors with the same symbol they had placed on mine, confusing them when they returned. Eventually, they found my house and hid in large jars in my courtyard, planning to attack. My maid noticed and poured boiling oil into each jar, killing the thieves hiding inside.

45. Only their leader remained. Not knowing his true identity, I welcomed him into my home as a guest. But my maid, wise as always, recognized him. During a performance, she danced with two swords and, as she drew closer, stabbed him and saved my life. I was astonished by her bravery and intelligence. Out of gratitude and admiration, I married her. From that day forward, we lived happily ever after.

46. Read the story of “THE NECKLACE” by Guy de Maupassant

47. Read the story carefully. In a whole sheet of paper and answer the following: 1. Character and describe each character. 2. Fill in the plot diagram below. Exposition: _______ Rising Action: ____ Climax: __________ Falling Action: ___ Resolution: _______ 3. Make a First Person Point of View

48. Characters and Descriptions Mathilde Loisel – The main character. A beautiful but poor woman who dreams of a luxurious life. She is proud, materialistic, and dissatisfied with her modest lifestyle. Monsieur Loisel – Mathilde’s kind and supportive husband. He works as a clerk and sacrifices a lot to please his wife, including giving up his savings so she can buy a dress. Madame Forestier – Mathilde’s wealthy friend. She lends Mathilde a necklace for the ball. She is generous but later reveals that the necklace was fake.

49. Plot Diagram Exposition: Mathilde Loisel is introduced as a beautiful woman who dreams of wealth and luxury but is married to a poor clerk. Rising Action: Mathilde receives an invitation to a fancy ball. She borrows a necklace from her friend Madame Forestier and buys a new dress to look rich and elegant.

50. Climax: After the ball, Mathilde discovers that the necklace is missing. Falling Action: She and her husband borrow large amounts of money to replace the necklace. They spend 10 years living in poverty to pay off the debt. Resolution: Mathilde meets Madame Forestier and tells her the truth—only to learn the original necklace was fake and not worth much.

51. First Person Point of View (as Mathilde Loisel) I still remember that night—the night I felt truly beautiful. The silk dress, the glittering necklace, the way people looked at me. I finally felt like I belonged among the rich. But it was all a dream. When I lost the necklace, my life changed forever. For ten long years, I scrubbed floors and carried water, aging before my time. And in the end, I found out the necklace was only costume jewelry. How foolish I had been! All that suffering—for nothing.