ENGLISH 9 Quarter 1 Week 1_ modals .pptx

The presentation shows discussions on using modals appropriately. It also contains activities, exercises, and most importantly explanations to make the readers better understand the topic. Modals are auxiliary (helping) verbs used to express abilities, possibilities, permissions, obligations, and more. They are often followed by the base form of a verb (without "to"). Modals don't change form based on the subject or tense, unlike other verbs.

1. Modal Ma st e ry : C r af t ing Clea r and Cohe r en t Sen t ence s

2. In tr od u c t ion U s ing Modal s fo r E xpr e ss ing Nece ss i ty Wha t a r e Modal s ? U s ing Modal s fo r E xpr e ss ing P r ohibi t ion U s ing Modal s fo r E xpr e ss ing Abili ty U s ing Modal s fo r E xpr e ss ing Ad v ice U s ing Modal s fo r Making Re qu e sts U s ing Modal s fo r E xpr e ss ing Reg r e t U s ing Modal s fo r Gi v ing Ad v ice U s ing Modal s fo r E xpr e ss ing P r efe r ence U s ing Modal s fo r Making S u gge st ion s U s ing Modal s fo r E xpr e ss ing Pe r mi ss ion U s ing Modal s fo r Making Offe rs U s ing Modal s fo r E xpr e ss ing Re qu e st U s ing Modal s fo r E xpr e ss ing Obliga t ion U s ing Modal s fo r E xpr e ss ing Willingne ss U s ing Modal s fo r E xpr e ss ing Po ss ibili ty U s ing Modal s fo r E xpr e ss ing Abili ty in t he Pa st U s ing Modal s fo r E xpr e ss ing P r obabili ty U s ing Modal s fo r E xpr e ss ing Po ss ibili ty in t he Pa st U s ing Modal s fo r E xpr e ss ing Ce rt ain ty Concl us ion U s ing Modal s fo r E xpr e ss ing Poli t ene ss

3. In tr od u c t ion Welcome t o o ur pr e s en t a t ion on Com p o s ing Clea r and Cohe r en t Sen t ence s us ing Modal s . In t hi s pr e s en t a t ion , w e w ill e xp lo r e t he v a r io us w a ys in w hich modal s can be us ed t o e xpr e ss abili ty , make r e qu e sts , gi v e ad v ice , make su gge st ion s , and mo r e . We w ill al s o di s c uss ho w modal s can hel p y o u con v e y y o ur me ss age clea r l y and effec t i v el y , w hile main t aining a p oli t e and pr ofe ss ional t one . B y t he end of t hi s pr e s en t a t ion , y o u w ill ha v e a be tt e r u nde rst anding of ho w t o us e modal s t o im pr o v e y o ur wr i t ing and comm u nica t ion s kill s .

4. Wha t a r e Modal s ? Modal s , al s o kno w n a s modal v e r b s o r modal a ux ilia r ie s , a r e a typ e of a ux ilia ry v e r b t ha t e xpr e ss t he a tt i tu de of t he sp eake r t o w a r d s t he ac t ion o r st a t e de s c r ibed b y t he main v e r b . The y p la y a c ru cial r ole in fo r ming clea r and cohe r en t s en t ence s b y indica t ing t he deg r ee of ce rt ain ty , obliga t ion , p e r mi ss ion , p o ss ibili ty , abili ty , w illingne ss , and p oli t ene ss a ss ocia t ed w i t h t he ac t ion o r st a t e being de s c r ibed .

5. U s ing Modal s fo r E xpr e ss ing Abili ty Modal s a r e an e ss en t ial p a rt of Engli s h g r amma r , and t he y can be us ed t o e xpr e ss abili ty in a s en t ence . Modal s su ch a s ' can ', ' co u ld ', and ' be able t o ' can be us ed t o s ho w t ha t s omeone ha s t he s kill o r ca p abili ty t o p e r fo r m a p a rt ic u la r ac t ion . Fo r e x am p le , ' I can sp eak S p ani s h fl u en t l y ' o r ' She co u ld ru n a ma r a t hon la st y ea r '. The s e modal s hel p con v e y info r ma t ion abo ut a p e rs on ' s pr oficienc y in a p a rt ic u la r a r ea . I t i s im p o rt an t t o no t e t ha t t he us e of modal s fo r e xpr e ss ing abili ty i s no t limi t ed t o j ust p eo p le . The y can al s o be us ed t o de s c r ibe t he abili ty of objec ts o r t hing s . Fo r in st ance , ' Thi s ca r can r each a t o p sp eed of 150 m p h ' o r ' The ne w s of tw a r e up da t e co u ld im pr o v e t he p e r fo r mance of y o ur com put e r '. B y us ing modal s t o e xpr e ss abili ty , y o u can make y o ur s en t ence s mo r e conci s e and clea r .

6. U s ing Modal s fo r Making Re qu e sts Modal s a r e an effec t i v e t ool fo r making r e qu e sts in a p oli t e manne r . B y us ing modal s su ch a s ' co u ld ', ' w o u ld ', and ' ma y ', y o u can con v e y y o ur r e qu e st w i t ho ut s o u nding demanding o r ru de . Fo r e x am p le , in st ead of s a y ing ' Gi v e me t he r e p o rt b y t omo rr o w ', y o u co u ld s a y ' Co u ld y o u p lea s e gi v e me t he r e p o rt b y t omo rr o w ?'. Thi s s mall change in w o r ding make s a big diffe r ence in ho w y o ur r e qu e st i s p e r cei v ed .

7. U s ing Modal s fo r Gi v ing Ad v ice Modal v e r b s can be us ed t o gi v e ad v ice in a s en t ence . The y allo w us t o e xpr e ss o ur o p inion in a p oli t e and indi r ec t w a y . Fo r e x am p le , in st ead of s a y ing ' Yo u s ho u ld e x e r ci s e mo r e ', w e can s a y ' Yo u migh t w an t t o con s ide r e x e r ci s ing mo r e of t en '. Thi s s o u nd s le ss fo r cef u l and mo r e f r iendl y . Ano t he r w a y t o gi v e ad v ice us ing modal s i s b y us ing t he p h r a s e ' i t w o u ld be a good idea t o '. Fo r in st ance , ' I t w o u ld be a good idea t o st a rt s a v ing mone y fo r y o ur f utur e '. Thi s con v e ys a su gge st ion r a t he r t han a command .

8. U s ing Modal s fo r Making S u gge st ion s Modal v e r b s can al s o be us ed t o make su gge st ion s in a s en t ence . Thi s i s of t en done us ing t he modal v e r b ' s ho u ld '. Fo r e x am p le , ' Yo u s ho u ld try t he ne w r e st a ur an t in t o w n , i t ha s g r ea t r e v ie ws .' Thi s su gge sts t ha t t he p e rs on s ho u ld go and try t he r e st a ur an t . Ano t he r w a y t o make su gge st ion s us ing modal s i s t o us e ' co u ld ' o r ' migh t '. Fo r in st ance , ' Yo u co u ld t ake a b r eak and go fo r a w alk t o clea r y o ur mind .' Thi s su gge sts t ha t t aking a b r eak and going fo r a w alk migh t hel p t he p e rs on feel be tt e r .

9. U s ing Modal s fo r Making Offe rs Making offe rs i s an im p o rt an t a sp ec t of comm u nica t ion and can be done effec t i v el y us ing modal s . Modal s su ch a s ' w o u ld ' and ' co u ld ' a r e commonl y us ed t o make offe rs in a p oli t e and co urt eo us manne r . Fo r e x am p le , ' Wo u ld y o u like me t o hel p y o u w i t h t ha t ?' o r ' Co u ld I offe r y o u s ome a ss i st ance ?' a r e common w a ys t o make offe rs us ing modal s . B y us ing modal s , w e can con v e y o ur w illingne ss t o hel p w i t ho ut s o u nding pus h y o r im p o s ing .

10. U s ing Modal s fo r E xpr e ss ing Obliga t ion Modal v e r b s can al s o be us ed t o e xpr e ss obliga t ion o r nece ss i ty . Thi s mean s t ha t a s en t ence w i t h a modal v e r b e xpr e ss e s t ha t s ome t hing i s r e qu i r ed o r needed . Fo r e x am p le , " Yo u m ust fini s h y o ur home w o r k befo r e y o u go o ut t o p la y " o r " I ha v e t o a tt end t he mee t ing t omo rr o w ." In bo t h of t he s e s en t ence s , t he modal v e r b s ' m ust ' and ' ha v e t o ' indica t e t ha t t he r e i s an obliga t ion o r nece ss i ty t o do s ome t hing . I t ' s im p o rt an t t o no t e t ha t diffe r en t modal v e r b s can e xpr e ss diffe r en t le v el s of obliga t ion o r nece ss i ty . Fo r in st ance , ' m ust ' indica t e s a str onge r obliga t ion t han ' s ho u ld '. ' Sho u ld ' im p lie s a r ecommenda t ion o r ad v ice r a t he r t han a str ic t r e qu i r emen t . Simila r l y , ' o u gh t t o ' su gge sts a mo r al obliga t ion r a t he r t han a legal one . Unde rst anding t he n u ance s of diffe r en t modal v e r b s can hel p y o u con v e y y o ur in t ended meaning mo r e acc ur a t el y .

11. U s ing Modal s fo r E xpr e ss ing Po ss ibili ty One of t he main us e s of modal s i s t o e xpr e ss p o ss ibili ty in a s en t ence . Modal s su ch a s ' migh t ', ' ma y ' and ' co u ld ' a r e of t en us ed t o con v e y u nce rt ain ty o r likelihood of an e v en t ha pp ening . Fo r e x am p le , ' I t migh t r ain la t e r t oda y ' o r ' She co u ld be ru nning la t e '. The s e s en t ence s su gge st t ha t t he r e i s a p o ss ibili ty of r ain o r la t ene ss , b ut i t i s no t ce rt ain . In addi t ion t o ' migh t ', ' ma y ' and ' co u ld ', o t he r modal s su ch a s ' can ' and ' s ho u ld ' can al s o be us ed t o e xpr e ss p o ss ibili ty in diffe r en t con t e xts . Fo r in st ance , ' I can come t o t he p a rty t omo rr o w ' su gge sts t ha t i t i s p o ss ible fo r t he sp eake r t o a tt end t he p a rty , w hile ' Yo u s ho u ld try t hi s ne w r e st a ur an t ' im p lie s t ha t t he r e st a ur an t i s w o rt h try ing o ut .

12. U s ing Modal s fo r E xpr e ss ing P r obabili ty Modal s can al s o be us ed t o e xpr e ss pr obabili ty . Thi s mean s t ha t t he y can be us ed t o indica t e t he likelihood o r chance of s ome t hing ha pp ening . Fo r e x am p le , ' I t migh t r ain t omo rr o w ' su gge sts t ha t t he r e i s a p o ss ibili ty of r ain , b ut i t i s no t ce rt ain . On t he o t he r hand , ' I t w ill pr obabl y r ain t omo rr o w ' su gge sts t ha t t he r e i s a high likelihood of r ain .

13. U s ing Modal s fo r E xpr e ss ing Ce rt ain ty Modal v e r b s can al s o be us ed t o e xpr e ss ce rt ain ty in a s en t ence . The mo st common modal v e r b s us ed fo r t hi s purp o s e a r e ' m ust ' and ' ha v e t o '. Fo r e x am p le , ' I m ust fini s h t hi s pr ojec t b y t omo rr o w ' o r ' Yo u ha v e t o stu d y ha r d t o p a ss t he e x am ' con v e y a s en s e of ce rt ain ty and obliga t ion .

14. U s ing Modal s fo r E xpr e ss ing Poli t ene ss Modal s can al s o be us ed t o e xpr e ss p oli t ene ss in a s en t ence . Fo r e x am p le , in st ead of s a y ing ' Gi v e me t he book ', y o u can s a y ' Co u ld y o u gi v e me t he book , p lea s e ?'. The modal ' co u ld ' s of t en s t he r e qu e st and make s i t mo r e p oli t e . Ano t he r w a y t o us e modal s fo r p oli t ene ss i s t o make offe rs . In st ead of s a y ing ' I w an t t o hel p y o u ', y o u can s a y ' I co u ld hel p y o u if y o u ' d like '. The modal ' co u ld ' s ho ws t ha t t he offe r i s no t a demand , b ut r a t he r a su gge st ion .

15. U s ing Modal s fo r E xpr e ss ing Nece ss i ty Modal s a r e an e ss en t ial t ool fo r e xpr e ss ing nece ss i ty in a s en t ence . The y allo w us t o con v e y a s en s e of obliga t ion o r r e qu i r emen t w i t ho ut s o u nding t oo fo r cef u l . One common modal us ed t o e xpr e ss nece ss i ty i s ' m ust .' Fo r e x am p le , ' Yo u m ust fini s h y o ur home w o r k befo r e y o u can w a t ch TV .' Thi s s en t ence con v e ys a clea r s en s e of obliga t ion w i t ho ut being o v e r l y demanding .

16. U s ing Modal s fo r E xpr e ss ing P r ohibi t ion Modal s can al s o be us ed t o e xpr e ss pr ohibi t ion , w hich mean s t o fo r bid s ome t hing . The mo st common modal v e r b us ed fo r e xpr e ss ing pr ohibi t ion i s ' m ust no t ' o r ' m ust n ' t '. Fo r e x am p le , ' Yo u m ust no t s moke in t he b u ilding ' o r ' Yo u m ust n ' t us e y o ur p hone d ur ing cla ss .' Ano t he r w a y t o e xpr e ss pr ohibi t ion i s b y us ing ' s ho u ld no t ' o r ' s ho u ldn ' t '. Fo r in st ance , ' Yo u s ho u ldn ' t d r ink and d r i v e ' o r ' Yo u s ho u ld no t li tt e r in pu blic p lace s .' I t ' s im p o rt an t t o no t e t ha t ' s ho u ld no t ' i s a milde r w a y of e xpr e ss ing pr ohibi t ion com p a r ed t o ' m ust no t '.

17. U s ing Modal s fo r E xpr e ss ing Ad v ice When offe r ing ad v ice , modal s can be us ed t o su gge st a co urs e of ac t ion w i t ho ut being t oo fo r cef u l . Fo r e x am p le , y o u co u ld s a y " Yo u s ho u ld con s ide r t aking a b r eak " in st ead of " Yo u need t o t ake a b r eak ." Thi s fo r m u la t ion i s mo r e p oli t e and le ss likel y t o ca us e offen s e . Ano t he r w a y t o offe r ad v ice i s t o us e t he modal v e r b ' co u ld '. Fo r in st ance , y o u migh t s a y " Yo u co u ld try medi t a t ing t o r ed u ce str e ss ". Thi s con stru c t im p lie s t ha t t he p e rs on ha s a choice in t he ma tt e r and i s no t being t old w ha t t o do .

18. U s ing Modal s fo r E xpr e ss ing Reg r e t E xpr e ss ing r eg r e t i s an im p o rt an t a sp ec t of comm u nica t ion , and modal s can hel p us do i t mo r e effec t i v el y . One w a y t o e xpr e ss r eg r e t i s b y us ing t he modal ' s ho u ld ha v e '. Fo r e x am p le , ' I s ho u ld ha v e stu died ha r de r fo r t he e x am ' e xpr e ss e s r eg r e t fo r no t stu d y ing eno u gh . Ano t he r w a y t o e xpr e ss r eg r e t i s b y us ing t he modal ' co u ld ha v e '. Fo r e x am p le , ' I co u ld ha v e hel p ed y o u w i t h y o ur pr ojec t , b ut I didn ' t r eali z e y o u needed a ss i st ance ' e xpr e ss e s r eg r e t fo r no t offe r ing hel p w hen i t w a s needed .

19. U s ing Modal s fo r E xpr e ss ing P r efe r e nce Modal s a r e an effec t i v e w a y t o e xpr e ss pr efe r ence in a s en t ence . The y allo w us t o comm u nica t e o ur like s and di s like s w i t ho ut being t oo fo r cef u l o r di r ec t . Fo r e x am p le , in st ead of s a y ing “ I w an t t o go t o t he beach ”, w e can us e t he modal “ w o u ld like ” t o e xpr e ss o ur pr efe r ence mo r e p oli t el y : “ I w o u ld like t o go t o t he beach ”. Ano t he r w a y t o e xpr e ss pr efe r ence us ing modal s i s b y us ing “ w o u ld r a t he r ”. Thi s allo ws us t o com p a r e tw o o pt ion s and e xpr e ss w hich one w e pr efe r . Fo r in st ance , “ I w o u ld r a t he r st a y home t han go t o t he p a rty ” comm u nica t e s a clea r pr efe r ence fo r st a y ing a t home o v e r going t o t he p a rty .

20. U s ing Modal s fo r E xpr e ss ing Pe r mi ss ion One of t he mo st common us e s of modal s i s t o e xpr e ss p e r mi ss ion . Modal s su ch a s ' can ', ' ma y ', and ' co u ld ' a r e us ed t o g r an t s omeone p e r mi ss ion t o do s ome t hing . Fo r e x am p le , ' Can I bo rr o w y o ur p en ?' o r ' Ma y I us e t he r e str oom ?' I t i s im p o rt an t t o no t e t ha t t he le v el of fo r mali ty can v a ry de p ending on t he s i tu a t ion . ' Can ' i s con s ide r ed mo r e info r mal , w hile ' ma y ' i s mo r e fo r mal . Addi t ionall y , us ing ' co u ld ' add s a p oli t e t one t o t he r e qu e st . Fo r in st ance , ' Co u ld y o u p lea s e p a ss me t he s al t ?'

21. U s ing Modal s fo r E xpr e ss ing Re qu e st Modal s a r e a p o w e r f u l t ool fo r making r e qu e sts in a p oli t e and effec t i v e w a y . The y allo w y o u t o e xpr e ss y o ur need s w i t ho ut s o u nding demanding o r ru de . Fo r e x am p le , in st ead of s a y ing ' Gi v e me t ha t book ', y o u co u ld s a y ' Co u ld y o u p lea s e p a ss me t ha t book ?' Thi s p h r a s ing make s t he r e qu e st s o u nd mo r e like a qu e st ion and le ss like a demand . When making a r e qu e st us ing modal s , i t ' s im p o rt an t t o choo s e t he r igh t one fo r t he s i tu a t ion . ' Co u ld ' i s a good choice fo r fo r mal s i tu a t ion s , w hile ' can ' i s be tt e r fo r info r mal one s . Addi t ionall y , us ing ' w o u ld ' can make t he r e qu e st s o u nd mo r e p oli t e and defe r en t ial .

22. U s ing Modal s fo r E xpr e ss ing Willingne ss Modal s a r e an e x cellen t w a y t o e xpr e ss w illingne ss in a s en t ence . The y allo w us t o comm u nica t e o ur de s i r e t o do s ome t hing w i t ho ut s o u nding t oo fo r cef u l o r agg r e ss i v e . Fo r e x am p le , in st ead of s a y ing ' I w ill do i t ', y o u can us e t he modal ' I w o u ld be ha ppy t o do i t '. Thi s s ho ws t ha t y o u a r e w illing t o hel p w i t ho ut making i t s o u nd like an obliga t ion .

23. U s ing Modal s fo r E xpr e ss ing Abili ty in t he Pa st In t he p a st , modal s w e r e us ed t o e xpr e ss abili ty in a s en t ence . Fo r e x am p le , ' I co u ld ru n a mile in u nde r s i x min ut e s w hen I w a s y o u nge r .' The modal ' co u ld ' indica t e s t ha t t he sp eake r had t he abili ty t o ru n a mile in u nde r s i x min ut e s in t he p a st . Ano t he r e x am p le i s ' She w o u ld al w a ys fini s h he r w o r k on t ime .' The modal ' w o u ld ' indica t e s t ha t s he had t he abili ty t o fini s h he r w o r k on t ime in t he p a st .

24. U s ing Modal s fo r E xpr e ss ing Po ss ibili ty in t he Pa st Modal v e r b s can al s o be us ed t o e xpr e ss p o ss ibili ty in t he p a st . In t hi s ca s e , t he modal v e r b i s ' co u ld ha v e ' follo w ed b y t he p a st p a rt ici p le of t he main v e r b . Fo r e x am p le , ' I co u ld ha v e gone t o t he p a rty la st nigh t , b ut I w a s t oo t i r ed .' Thi s s en t ence e xpr e ss e s t he p o ss ibili ty t ha t t he sp eake r co u ld ha v e gone t o t he p a rty , b ut cho s e no t t o d u e t o being t i r ed . Ano t he r e x am p le i s ' She co u ld ha v e p a ss ed t he t e st if s he had stu died mo r e .' Thi s s en t ence e xpr e ss e s t he p o ss ibili ty t ha t t he su bjec t co u ld ha v e p a ss ed t he t e st if s he had put in mo r e effo rt .

25. Concl us ion In concl us ion , modal s a r e an e ss en t ial p a rt of com p o s ing clea r and cohe r en t s en t ence s . The y allo w us t o e xpr e ss abili ty , make r e qu e sts , gi v e ad v ice , make su gge st ion s , offe r hel p , and e xpr e ss obliga t ion , p o ss ibili ty , pr obabili ty , ce rt ain ty , p oli t ene ss , nece ss i ty , pr ohibi t ion , r eg r e t , pr efe r ence , p e r mi ss ion , r e qu e st , w illingne ss , and abili ty in t he p a st and p o ss ibili ty in t he p a st . B y us ing modal s , w e can add de pt h and n u ance t o o ur lang u age , making i t mo r e pr eci s e and effec t i v e . Modal s al s o hel p us con v e y o ur in t en t ion s clea r l y , w he t he r w e w an t t o make a su gge st ion o r a s k fo r p e r mi ss ion . The r efo r e , i t i s c ru cial t o ma st e r t he us e of modal s t o become a pr oficien t comm u nica t o r .