English Language development-Presentation2 HOEP.pptx

History of English language development over the previous decades.
Early period
Middle period
Early modern period
Modern period

1. Muhammad Sarfaraz(presenter) Muhammad Faraz(leader) Affaf Khan Ahtsham Haider Fariz Hussain GROUP MEMBERS

2. Development of English Sentence Structure . 4 phases: Old English period Middle English Period Early modern English Period Modern English Period

3. Influence of Anglo-Saxons: Germanic tribes (Anglo-Saxons) migrated from north Germany to England during this period. Old English was highly inflected Germanic language. Interactions with languages like Latin and Old Norse. Old English was characterized by its highly inflected grammar. Old English Era

4. Use of Case Endings and Word Order: Case endings were used to denote the grammatical function of nouns and pronouns within sentences. Main cases: nominative, accusative, genitive, and dative. Flexible word order based on inflections rather than fixed rules.

5. Examples of old English Sentence: (The king loved the land.) In this sentence, "Se cyning " (the king) is in the nominative case as the subject, " lufode ” (loved) is the verb, and " paet land" (the land) is in the accusative case as the direct object. The word order is subject verb-object (SVO).

6. Example 2: Ic hæbbe sealt on minum huse ." (I have salt in my house.) Here, " Ic " (I) is the subject in the nominative case, " hæbbe " (have) is the verb, " sealt " (salt) is in the accusative case as the direct object, and "on minum huse "’ (in my house) is a prepositional phrase indicating location. The word order is subject-verb-object-prepositional phrase (SVO-PP).

7. Middle English Period Norman influence and infusion of French vocabulary into English Vocabulary Changes: The influx of Norman French vocabulary enriched the English language Social Stratification : Social Stratification also contributed to change in modern sentence structure

8. Grammatical Simplification : Middle English grammar became simpler compared to Old English. Major changes in sentence structure Word Order changes: Subject-verb-object (SVO) word order became the norm, although some vestiges of the older, more flexible word order persisted.

9. Examples From “The Peterborogh Chronicle” ( 12th Century ) An heȝe wes Godd almihti , an mihti wercer alre werca , þe allra lof ham com, alre louerd . In Modern English: He was God almighty, and the mighty worker of all works, from whom all praise comes, of all lords. Form “The Ormulum ’’ ( 15 th Century ) Than owyr Lord sayd to þis creatur , ' Dowtyr , be of good cher , for I schal kepe þe fro all þi enmyes .” In Modern English: Then our Lord said to this creature, 'Daughter, be of good cheer, for I shall keep you from all your enemies.

10. Early Modern English Period

11. “To be or not to be , that is the question.” subordinate clause main clause inversion (verb before sub) SVO (implicitly) In modern English Subject explicitly state. William Shakespeare

12. Modern English characteristics

13. Modern English Features Relatively Stable: Modern English grammar has become relatively more stable compared to earlier periods. Vocabulary Expansion: New words are continuously added through scientific discoveries and cultural exchange