Enhancing Solar Energy Potential in India

This presentation comprises of an overview of Energy Potential, need, Merits and Challenges, case studies and researches.

1. Subject code: ME 135 Subject: Basic Mechanical Engineering Presenter : Jefferson .N Reg. No. : 2360383 Class : 1BTCHE- C Title : P otential of solar energy in India

2. Importance of solar Energy and present status 2 11 Enhancing Solar Energy Potential in India Unleash the power of the sun with solar energy by generating electricity, heat water, and design your space with solar architecture.

3. India's Energy Demand Current Energy Mix Coal dominates India's energy mix, which contributes more than half of the country's total energy generation. Rising Demand India's energy demand is expected to grow by 4.5% per year, making it the world's fastest-growing energy market. Limitations of Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels are finite and contribute to air pollution, which is a major public health concern in India.

4. Reference : Researchgate.net

5. Electricity generation (utility sector) by source in India in FY 2021-2022 Reference : en.wikipedia.org

6. Introduction to Solar Energy 1 What is Solar Energy? Solar energy is a type of renewable energy that is utilized from the sun's rays. It can be converted into electricity or used directly as heat and is one of the most abundant sources of renewable energy 2 The History of Solar Energy Began With Magnification Ancient Civilizations from the 7th century B.C. realized that they could use solar energy and glass to light fires. 3 How Solar Energy Works Solar panels consist of photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight into electricity. The electricity is then stored in batteries or fed into the grid. Reference : energy.gov

7. SOLAR ENERGY POTENTIAL IN INDIA Potential for Large-Scale Solar Installations India has the potential to install 20,000 MW of grid-connected solar power in its desert regions alone. Many other parts of the country are also suitable for solar power generation. Potential for Rooftop Solar India has over 300 million houses with rooftops suitable for solar panel installation. If even a fraction of these panels were installed, it would greatly reduce the demand for grid electricity. Potential for Agriculture Solar energy can power irrigation systems and make farming more sustainable. India has the potential to install 10 GW of solar pumps and provide electricity to 17 million farmers.

8. CHALLENGES FOR SOLAR ENERGY ADOPTION 1 LAND SCARCITY Solar plants require large amounts of land and water , which can be difficult to obtain at a reasonable cost. The amount of land required for utility-scale solar power plants — currently approximately 1 km² for every 20–60 megawatts (MW) generated could pose a strain on India’s available land resource. 2 INTERMITTENCY OF SOLAR POWER Solar power generation is dependent on sunlight , which is not available 24 hours a day i.e., during nighttime. This can lead to grid stability issues. 3 HIGH DEPLOYMENT COSTS The initial cost of purchasing solar technologies is high . This includes paying for solar panels, inverter, batteries, wiring, and the installation International Journal of Environmental Science: Development and Monitoring (IJESDM) ISSN No. 2231-1289, Volume 4 No. 3 (2013) Reference :

9. 4 USES LOT OF SPACE The more electricity you want to produce, the more solar panels you will need, as you want to collect as much sunlight as possible.  Solar PV Panels require a lot of space, and  some roofs are not big enough  to fit the number of solar panels that you would like to have. 5 ASSOCIATED WITH POLLUTION Toxic materials and hazardous products  are used during the manufacturing process of solar  photovoltaic systems , which can indirectly affect the environment. Yet, solar energy  pollutes far less  than other alternative energy sources. 6 WEATHER-DEPENDENT Solar panel are  dependent on sunlight  to effectively gather solar energy. Therefore, a few cloudy, rainy days can have a noticeable effect on the energy system. www.greenmatch.co.uk Referenced from : Challenges for Solar Energy Adoption

10. CREATIVE SOLAR APPLICATIONS Solar Fabrics Tiny, flexible solar panels can now be stitched into the fabric of clothing. Solar filaments embedded into shirts, winter coats, and other types of clothing keep you warmer, power your phone, or provide energy for electric things Solar at Night Due to the lack of sunlight, solar panels cannot generate electricity at night. S cientists have created a new type of solar panel that can generate electricity during the night by capturing infrared light, which is generated by the thermal gradient between the solar cell and the atmosphere. Solar Powered Roads Solar-powered roads can generate clean energy, illuminate themselves at night, and melt snow and ice during the winter months—and covering roads in solar panels would generate approximately 80 percent of energy needs of US. Reference : asme.org

11. BASIC SOLAR ENERGY APPLICATIONS Solar Water Heating Solar-distillation Solar-pumping Solar Furnaces Solar Cooking Solar Electric Power Generation

12. Union Government’s Initiatives to Promote Solar Energy Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission Launched in 2010, the mission aimed to deploy 20 GW of grid-connected solar power by 2022. It was later increased to 100 GW by 2022. Solar Park Scheme the Government provides land and infrastructure to developers for setting up solar parks, which can house solar power plants with a capacity of up to 5 GW. Renewable Purchase Obligation This policy mandates that electricity distribution companies obtain a certain percentage of their electricity from renewable sources, including solar energy. National Solar Mission  to promote ecologically sustainable growth while addressing India's energy security challenge SRISTI Scheme Sustainable rooftop implementation of Solar transfiguration of India (SRISTI) scheme to promote rooftop solar power projects in India Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan (PM-KUSUM) Launched by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) to support installation of off-grid solar pumps in rural areas and reduce dependence on grid, in grid-connected areas Reference : drishtiias.com

13. Future for Solar Energy in India Large-Scale Deployment India is on track to achieve its target of 100 GW of installed solar power by 2022. This will make it one of the largest solar energy markets in the world. Investment Opportunities India's solar energy market presents opportunities for both domestic and foreign investors, especially in areas such as manufacturing, project development, and financing. Technological Advancements New technologies such as energy storage and smart grids are making solar power more efficient and reliable. This will help integrate solar energy into the grid and improve its overall reliability.

14. Conclusion and Key Takeaways India's Energy Demand The demand for energy in India is growing rapidly, and solar energy can help meet this demand while reducing dependence on fossil fuels. Government Support The Indian government has taken several initiatives to promote solar energy adoption, including setting ambitious targets and providing incentives to developers. Challenges Ahead Despite the potential of solar energy in India, there are still challenges that need to be addressed, such as land and water availability and grid stability. Bright Future The future of solar energy in India looks bright, with large-scale deployments, investment opportunities, and technological advancements in the pipeline.