Entomology-101-slides-1-58.pdf Aprende de insectos

Aprende sobre la anatomía del insecto.

1. Entomology 101
The Insects
Dale Whaley
Assistant Professor - Regional Extension Specialist
Washington State University Extension

2. Objectives For Today?
Learn about Insect:
-Difference between Insects and Spiders*
-Classification
-Insect Anatomy
-Growth and Development of Insects
-Cover the Major Insect Orders

3. Classroom Rules
-Feel free to ask Questions ay any time!
Have FUN!!!

4. What is Entomology?
•The study of insects.
•Where do bugs fit?
What about spiders?
NO!

5. 1.Bilateral Symmetry.
2.An exoskeleton with
chitin.
3.Molt to grow in size.
4.Externally segmented
bodies.
5.Appendages modified for
feeding and locomotion.
“Characteristics of Arthropods”
Arthropod means “joint-foot” in Latin.
http://insected.arl.arizona.edu/graphics/arthrobody.gif

6. Five Arthropod Classes
1.Arachnida: Spiders,
Scorpions, Mites, Ticks
2.Diplopoda: Millipedes.
3.Chilopoda: Centipedes.
4.Crustacea: Crabs,
Lobsters, Crayfish,
Pillbugs.
5.Insecta: Insects.
(Pedigo1989)

7. Class Arachnida
Characteristics:
•Two tagmata: head and
cephalothorax.
•adults with 4 pairs of
walking legs.
•no antennae.
•chelicerae near mouth for
grasping.
•pedipalpinear mouth,
may appear similar to
legs.

8. http://ceinfo.unh.edu/Agriculture/
Graphics/mldogtic.JPG
Major Orders of Arachnida
Acari: Mites and Ticks
Scorpiones: Scorpions
Pseudoscorpiones:
pseudoscorpions
Opiliones: Harvestmen
http://atschool.eduweb.co.uk/sirrobhitch.suffolk/
key/images/invertebrates/mite.jpg
http://zoologie.forst.tu-muenchen.de/HEITLAND/DETINVERT/
SYSTEMATICS/ARACHNIDA/IMAGES/opiliones_01.jpg

9. Order Solifugae: Windscorpions
Major Orders of Arachnida

10. Order Araneae: Spiders
Major Orders of Arachnida

12. Golden Orb Weaver Spider

13. Poisonous Spiders of North America
(Arachnida Order Araneae)
Brown Recluse
(Loxoscelesreclusa)
Black Widow
(Latrodectusspp.)
Hobo Spider
(Tegenariaagrestis)

14. Rattlesnake Bite
3 days
later
1 fang on the
thumb

15. •Day 1
The Hobo Spider Bites. Reddening of skin
followed by a blister forming at the bite site.
Mild to intense pain and itching for 2 to 8
hours.
Hobo or Aggressive
house spider
(Agelenidae)

16. •Day 5
Intense swelling and continued discoloration
of the skin.
Hobo or Aggressive
house spider
(Agelenidae)

17. Day 6
The affected skin actually starts to die.
Hobo or Aggressive
house spider
(Agelenidae)

18. Day 9
HOUSTON We Have a
Problem!!!
Hobo or Aggressive
house spider
(Agelenidae)

19. Class Diplopoda
Characteristics:
•Two tagmata: head and
trunk.
•Many legs, 2 pairs of
legs per segment. http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/ent525/soil/soilpix/images/miilipede_jpg.jpg
(Millipedes)

20. Class Chilopoda
Characteristics:
•Two tagmata: head and
trunk.
•Many legs, 1 pair of legs
per segment.
•“Poison jaws" are actually
modified legs.
http://angwin.csl.uiuc.edu/images/pohnpei/centipede.jpg
(Centipedes)
Borror et al. 1989

21. Two Orders of Class Crustacea
Isopoda (Sow Bugs) and Decapoda (Crabs, Crayfish, Lobsters)
Isopoda Decapoda
http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/ent/notes/O&T
/flowers/note11/pillbug1.jpg
http://geochange.er.usgs.gov/pub/info
/facts/chesapeake/crabs.jpg
http://www.nbb.cornell.edu/neurobio/harris-
warrick/lab/Lobster%202.jpg
http://www.rollanet.org/~streams/
macroinv/crawdad.jpg

22. Class Insecta
Characteristics:
•Three tagmata: head,
thorax, and abdomen.
•3 pairs of legs.
•1 pair of antennae.
•Many with wings.
(Insects!!!)

23. Insect Anatomy

24. The Grasshopper (Orthoptera; Acrididae):
the Prototypical Insect
Insect are comprised of three
major body divisions: the
head, thorax, and abdomen.
Each of these three sections
are in turn comprised of
individual segments.
The Three Tagmata of
Class Insecta
(Pedigo1989)

25. Function of the Three Tagmata of Class
Insecta
1.
The Head: Specialized for Sensory input (vision,
chemoreception, sometimes vibration) feeding and defense.
2.The Thorax: The “motor or powerhouse” housing the
musculature and attachment points for the legs and wings.
3.The Abdomen: The “Breadbasket” housing the bulk of the
digestive and reproductive structures. It may also house
defensive structures in some insects (stingers etc).

26. Grasshopper Head

27. Siphoning
Sponging
Chewing
Chewing-
lapping
Cutting
Piercing-sucking
Piercing-
sucking
Mouthparts

28. Grasshopper Thorax
The Insect Thorax is Subdivided
into three sections; the
Prothorax, the Mesothoraxand
the Metathorax.

29. Running
Raptorial
Swimming
Digging
Jumping

30. Insect AnatomyGrasshopper Abdomen
•The Abdomenis composed of
11 subsegmentsNotable parts
include: Spiracles(three
denoted), Ovipositor(female),
SubgenitalPlate and Claspers
(Male) or Cerci and the
Tympanum(hearing organ).
Spiracles
Tympanum
Ovipositor
SGP / Claspers

31. Insects vs. Spiders -External Structure
•Insects
–3 body parts
•head, thorax, abdomen
–1 pair antennae
–3 pairs legs
–Mandibles
•Spiders, mites, ticks
–2 body parts(Cephalothorax)
–No antennae
–4 pairs legs
–Chelicerae of Fangs

32. Gee Wiz Facts About Insects.
How many insects are there in the world?

33. How Insects Grow
•EXOSKELETON fixed in size
•Must MOLT(shed) old
skeleton as they develop.
•Develop through
several INSTARS
(stages of growth).
•Adult females lay
eggs where there
is plenty of food.

34. Insect Metamorphosis
•Three main types
–No Metamorphosis
•Only 2 groups of insects
–Simple Metamorphosis
•Minor change in appearance
•Wing development in some
–Complex Metamorphosis
•Major change in appearance

35. No Metamorphosis –(Ametabolous)
•Little or no change between
immature and adult form except in
size and development of sexual
organs.
•Include Jumping bristle tales
and Silverfish/Firebrats.

36. Simple Metamorphosis
•Sometime called “gradual or incomplete”
•Egg -> NYMPH or NAIAD-> Adult

37. Simple Metamorphosis:
•True bugs
•Aphids
•Earwigs
•Cockroaches
•Termites
•Grasshoppers

38. Complete Metamorphosis
•Also called Complex Metamorphosis
•Egg -> Larva-> Pupa-> Adult
•Larva has many common names:
–Caterpillar, looper,
cutworm, leafroller,
borer, webworm,
Grub, wireworm,
Maggot

39. Insect Larvae

40. Insect Larvae

41. Insect Larvae

42. Pupal Stage
•Allows insects to completely
change from specialized
feeding organisms into adult
insects that are specialized for
dispersal and mating.
•Adults’ food often is entirely
different from the larval stage.

43. Complete Metamorphosis:
•Beetles
•Flies
•Moths
•Wasps
•Ants
•Fleas

44. Insect Identification
Insects are classified based on similar
anatomical characteristics and grouped into
Orders:
Diptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera,
Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Isoptera, Siphonaptera,
Homoptera, Neuroptera, Plecoptera,
Ephemeroptera, Thysanoptera, etc…

45. Kingdom Animalia–Animals
(Plantae –Plants)
*Phylum Arthropoda–Jointed Legs
*Class Insecta–Insects
Order …
Family
Genus
species
C. Linnaeus System

46. Common
Insects:
Uncommon
Insects:
Scarce
Insects:
Rare
insects:
Orthoptera
Hemiptera
Coleoptera
Diptera
Lepidoptera
Hymenoptera
Isoptera
Dermaptera
Plecoptera
Mantodea
Blattodea
Odonata
Ephemeroptera
Trichoptera
Neuroptera
Thysanoptera
Siphonaptera
Pthiraptera
Phasmatodea
Archeognatha
Thysanura
Megaloptera
Raphidiodea
Psocoptera
Grylloblattaria
Strepsiptera
Embiidina
Zoraptera
Mecoptera
New Insect Order:Mantophasmatodea

47. Several Insect Orders Encountered
my Most People….

48. Order Homoptera–“same wing”
Order Hemiptera, Homoptera, = Heteroptera:
Aphids, leafhoppers, scale insects, cicadas, whiteflies
•Simple Metamorphosis.
•Sucking mouthparts.
•Carriers of plant pathogens.
•Plant pests.
•Excrete honeydew.
(excretion rich in sugar)

49. Bugs
True Bugs

50. Bugs
True Bugs

51. True Bug Life Cycle

52. Bedbugs

53. Bedbug Life Cycle

54. Bedbug Infestations

55. Bedbug Infestations

56. Bedbug Feeding

57. Bedbug Feeding

58. Bedbug Management
•Avoidintroducing bed bugs into your home(i.e.
second hand mattresses and upholstered furniture).
•Removeor replace any infested furniture, including
mattresses, box springs, couches, and upholstered
chairs, whenever possible.
•Cleanand vacuum furniture and mattresses and wash
bedding weekly. Establish a barrier or space between
the bed and the floor to further discourage bed bugs
from climbing onto the bed (remember bed bugs are
wingless and cannot fly).
•Obtainpesticides labeled for indoor use against bed
bugs.