Entral and parenteral nutrition-1.pptx

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1. Entral and parenteral nutrition

2. Enteral nutrition Defintion The provision of nutrients into the GIT through a tube or catheter when oral intake is inadequate.Also it may include the use of formula as oral supplements or meal replacement. Enteral access . Nasogastric route . Nasoduodenal route .Nasojejunal route . jejunostomy

3. Nasogastric route For short term enteral nutrition of 3 to 4 weeks. NG tube pass through the nose into the stomach. Used inpatient with normal GIT function . Nasoduodenal or nasojejuonal For short term enteral nutrition of 3 to 4 weeks in patients with gastric motility disorers

4. Jejunostomy For patients requiring tube feeding for more than 3 to 4 weeks Enteral formula composition 1) General purpose formulas Are tolerated by most patients and most of these formulas provide 1kcal per ml. 2)General formulas That provide 1.5 to 2kcal per ml are usedwhen it necessary to restrict fluid for patients with cardiopulmonary ,renal and hepatic failure.

5. 3)High nitrogen formulas Are used for patient with increase protein requirments suc as those with burns ,fistulas,sepsis or trauma. 4)Disease specific formulas For patients with renal ,hepatic or cardiopulmonary disease.

6. Administration The three common methods of tube feeding administration are; 1)bolus feeding 2)Intermittent drip feeding 3)contineous drip feeding Complication of enteral nutrition 1)GIT complication Nausea,vomiting

7. cramping Diarrhea Metabolic complication Refeeding syndrome Micronutrients deficiencies Hypernatremia Hyperkalemia Glucose intolerance

8. Access problems .Pressure necrosis . Tube obstruction Administration problems . Regurgitation .Aspiration

9. Parenteral nutrition definition The provision of nutrients directly into the blood stream intravenously. Parenteral Access .Peripheral access .Centeral access Administration . Contineous infusion .Cyclic infusion

10. Complications 1)Mechanicalcomplication Pneumothorax Hemothorax Endocarditis 2)

11. Metabolic complication Hyperlipidemia Hypomagnesemia Elecctrolyte imbalance Dehydration from osmotic diuresis

12. GIT complications .Cholestasis .Hepatic abnormalities .Gastrointestinal villous atrophy