Environment and public health adaptation in OneHealth.pptx

Its about environment related disease and how to solves in one health consept

1. Environmental Impact in One Health in Somalia Abdirizak Mohamud Yusuf, B.Sc. MPH. MSc

2. Contents Introduction Previous outbreak Environmental Health Impact Inter-sectoral impact in One Health Role of Environmental Health Professionals One Health Components

3. Introduction Name Here Manager Name Here Director Name Here Programmer Name Here Designer The One Health concept is a collaborative effort among multiple disciplines working locally, nationally, and globally to attain optimal health for people, animals, and our environment. This concept encourages interdisciplinary collaboration among veterinarians, physicians, and ecologists. The One Health concept has historically focused on zoonoses that are infectious diseases. Far less attention is paid to toxic exposures in animals, the relationship between this exposure and chemical-associated human illness, and how the One Health concept might apply in these situations.

4. Multisectoral Coordination Mechanism Zoonotic diseases are transmitted between animals and people and impact health, livelihood and national and global health security. A multisectoral, One Health approach is necessary to address such complex heath threats at the human-animal-environment interface. In 2019, the Tripartite organizations – the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) – developed the   Zoonoses Guide (TZG ) , which was the summation of a global effort of more than 100 experts worldwide to provide guidance and explain best practices for addressing zoonotic diseases in countries.

5. Previous outbreak Environment of animals and humans allows potential exposure to the same toxic agents. When outbreaks of illness in humans and animals occur concurrently, studying the disease in animals in addition to humans can provide insight into the etiology. In April 2009, the Bangladesh, requested epidemiological and toxicological assistance from CDC. One of the predicted water-related consequences of climate change is a global increase in the frequency and distribution of toxin-producing affect environment.  

6. Environmental Health Impact Environmental consequence Health consequences In the early 1970s, cattle and chickens in Michigan were inadvertently fed grain contaminated with poly-brominated biphenyls (PBB). This flame retardant is also a persistent organic pollutant that bioaccumulates in adipose tissue. People were exposed to PBB through the consumption of meat, milk, and eggs of affected animals.

7. Relationship A number of well- known and preventable zoonoses continue to occur in many countries, especially in the developing world including Uganda where they mostly affect the poorest segment of the population. Zoonoses are transmissible to humans through food (such as brucellosis and tuberculosis), bites from infected animals (such as rabies) and insects (such as rift valley fever) or through contact (such as Ebola).

8. Inter-sectoral impact in One Health 01 Environment pollution Topic 1 03 Animals zoonotic Topic 3 04 Economical challenges Topic 4 02 Human health affect/ epidemic Topic 2

9. Generally, there has been a rapid growth in embracing the concept of One Health particularly in developed countries over the past decade. The advantages and benefits of this approach in tackling zoonoses are manifold, yet they are still not outwardly being embraced in developing countries where these diseases have the greatest impact. This results from the increasing association of humans, animals and their products. Rapid urbanization, changing farming systems and ecosystems, and globalization of trade in animals and their products have also contributed to this effect.

10. One Health initiatives & Roles 02 03 04 05 Medical doctors Public health professionals EHPs Government leadership 01 Veterinarians

11. Role of Environmental Health Professionals Does Somalia have this kind of system? If no what is your suggestions? In the Uganda local government structure, other professionals are employed by districts such as veterinary, agricultural, fi sheries and community development of fi cers. Despite being mandated to oversee activities in their respective disciplines, these of fi cers work closely with EHPs when- ever need arises. It is also important to note that Environmental Health practice is broad and interdisciplinary. For example, veterinary of fi cers work with EHPs during inspection of operations and in some places with- out veterinary personnel, such inspections are carried out by EHPs.

12. Why is the One Health approach is so important? The ONE Health approach helps protect the health of all living beings by bringing experts across fields together to solve problems threatening humans, animals, and the environment.

13. One Health Components Environmental health and One Health. Meat safety. Disease outbreak investigation. Control of vectors and vermin. Health education. Food safety and hygiene. Control of environmental pollution. Water, sanitation and hygiene. Enforcement of legislation.

14. AWESOME SLIDE Power Point Presentation L OREM IPSUM DOLOR SIT AMET One Health themes have been included throughout numerous literature, though gaps related to the approach remain. One Health initiatives have majorly focused on veterinarians, medical doctors and public health professionals. There is overwhelming evidence among environmental health practitioners (EHPs) that One Health disease reporting concepts are essential to the early detection of, and recovery from epidemic disease events. Environmental health and One Health Meat safety Meat is a major source of protein and is consumed extensively around the world. However, meat has been associated with several foodborne illnesses, which many times indicates de fi ciency in the processing system. To achieve good quality meat, requirements of animal health and meat inspection must be met. EHPs play a signi fi cant role in meat safety and hygiene.

15. Disease outbreak investigation Investigation and control of these zoonoses have impacted on the health system with immense national resources involved. In some of the outbreak investigations and control including the recent Marburg epidemic in Kabala, western Uganda in 2012, EHPs have been at the forefront of the response. Indeed, EHPs have been involved in contact tracing, collection of samples, community mobilization and sensitization. Control of vectors and vermin There has been a worldwide resurgence of vector-borne diseases since the 1970s including malaria, dengue, yellow fever, louse-borne typhus, plague, leishmaniasis, sleeping sickness, lyme disease, Japanese encephalitis and rift valley fever. Due to the complex nature of these diseases, a One Health approach involving Environmental Health is required to tackle them. EHPs carry out several roles that are related to the control of vectors and vermin.

16. Health Education Health education is a component of One Health that mainly pertains to local authorities. It involves increasing awareness on pandemic preparedness, adaptation to climate change, animal control and vaccination requirements, transportation and land use planning affecting public wellness, water quality protection, waste management, energy choices, food safety and systems, and ecological protection and restoration. Food safety challenges are complex both in the developed and developing world. In addition to the traditional food-borne disease species such as Escherichia, Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Listeria, new pathogens are emerging and more foods can now transmit potential food-borne pathogens. EHPs are involved in promoting food safety and hygiene during pro- duction, handling, storage, processing and distribution. EHPs are involved in promoting food safety and hygiene during pro- duction, handling, storage, processing and distribution. They also ensure that foods are wholesome, fit for human consumption and conform to quality and safety requirements. Food safety and hygiene

17. Control of environmental pollution Over the last three decades, there has been increasing global concern over the public health impacts attributed to environmental pollution. Environmental pollution is the contamination of the physical and biological components of the earth/atmosphere system to such an extent that normal environmental processes are adversely affected. On the other hand, pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the environment that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or that damage the environment which can come in the form of chemical substances or energy such as noise, heat and light. It is estimated that nearly 10% of the global burden of disease is associated with lack of access to adequate sanitation, safe drinking water, proper hygiene and effective water management. The high burden of sanitation related diseases is particularly common in developing countries including Somalia. In communities where animals share water sources with humans, water becomes a medium for zoonotic diseases transmission Water, sanitation and hygiene

18. In most of the above roles as discussed, Environmental Health Professionals are entrusted with the duty of enforcing public health laws, rules and regulations. The Public Health Act is the mother law protecting the health of the public in Somalia and as such, other subsidiary regulations should be in line with it. Therefore, this makes EHPs key players in abating various nuisances related to housing, environmental sanitation, vector and vermin control, food safety and hygiene, and water safety hence preventing zoonotic related infections therefore making a significant contribution to One Health. Enforcement of legislation In Somalia we have the following documents: National WASH Policy. National WASH Strategy plan. CLTS Protocol. Environmental policy in Somalia. What kind of guidelines we need to support One Health?

19. Further discussions WEAKNESS STRENGTHS OPPORTUNITIES THREATS Please list down any opportunities to improve Environmental Health in Somalia? What is the strengths of EHP in Somalia? List down all treats/ challenges to way forward? Please list down weakness related to EHP? S W O T Analysis

20. One Decision One health One plan One health approach needs close collaboration among the key stakeholders. . Together we can success

21. Thank you Question & Answer