Environmental awareness and introduction .pdf

english

1. West African Oil Pipeline Benin Company S.A.
WAPCO Benin Company S.A.
Oil and Gas Storage and Transportation
Lecture-1: Environmental Awareness

2. Develop and apply environmental awareness
•Identify the types and likely causes of industrial emissions
•State the purpose of an Environmental Management System
•State how the Climate Change Levy affects industrial operations
•Recognise the greenhouse effect and the ozone layer
•Recognise the requirements for the safe disposal of waste
Aims and objectives
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3. The environment and pollution
The environment is the air, land,
and water that makes up the
area.
Pollution is the release of
substances into the environment
that can cause harm to people or
other living organisms supported
by that environment.
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4. The environment and pollution
Discuss the types and likely
industrial causes of emissions,
including:
•Air/Pollution
•Noise (above 80db)
•Water
•Vibration
•Light
How does your company contribute
to these?
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5. What are the types and likely
causes of industrial emissions?
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6. Types of industrial emission
An emission to land may be the
result of a spillage of chemicals as
a result of the incorrect storage or
handling of substances during
manufacture, processing or
transport by road, rail or air.
The environmental aspects of the
handling and use of chemicals are
carefully controlled by acts of
parliament and statutory
regulation.
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7. Types of industrial emission
An emission to air is an incident
where a noxious gas/vapour or
excessive smoke/fumes are
released into the atmosphere.
This may be the result of an
accident or as part of normal
operations (which would include
strict limits and monitoring).
The clean air act normally covers
these emissions.
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8. Types of industrial emission
An emission to water is usually
where a liquid substance finds its
way into a local water-course.
This can be from a domestic,
industrial or agricultural process.
The Environment Act 2021 covers
all companies that discharge to
water-courses.
Levels of pollution are usually
measured by the amount of
dissolved oxygen the water holds.
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9. We recognise three main sorts of
pollution:
•Air pollution from the release of
harmful gases to the
atmosphere
•Land pollution from the release
of harmful chemicals, oil, or
waste into the earth
•Water pollution from the
release of harmful chemicals,
oil, or waste into waterways.
The environment and pollution
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10. How can we attempt to limit
these releases to air, land or
sea?
What procedures do we
currently implement to try and
prevent releases?
The environment and pollution
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11. What is the purpose of an
environmental management
system?
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12. Management by control
Controlled waste is waste that is
subject to legislative control in either
its handling or its disposal.
As a legal term, controlled waste
applies exclusively to the U.K., but the
concept is enshrined in the laws of
many other countries.
The types of waste covered include
domestic, commercial, and industrial
waste.
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13. Management by control
The Controlled Waste Regulations
state that household, industrial and
commercial waste are classed as
controlled waste and are subject to the
Environmental Protections Act 1990.
Sewage, sewage sludge and septic
tank sludge are not controlled wastes.
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14. Management by control
Controlling waste emissions means
that we need to implement a hierarchy
of controls.
The most favoured option to reduce
waste is to simply lower the amount
produced.
Ultimately, the least favoured option is
to send the waste to landfill.
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15. Management by control
Discuss how your company attempts
to control their waste emissions.
Are they successful?
Can they be improved?
Are there any alternative methods?
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16. ISO 14001 is an international standard which specifies the requirements
for an auditable environmental management system.
There are six components:
1.Environmental policy –prepared by senior management to set out
aims and objectives.
2.Planning –a consideration of environmental aspects and legal
requirements.
3.Implementation and operation –resources, roles, responsibilities,
and authorities. Training and communicating how to manage the
environment.
Management by control
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17. Components of ISO14001 continued:
4.Checking –monitoring, evaluating, and ensuring compliance.
5.Management review –regular review by senior management to
ensure that the aims and objectives of the policy are still relevant.
6.Continuous improvement –regular review and action to ensure that
the system overall functions.
Management by control
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18. What is the Climate Change Levy
and how does it affect industrial
operations?
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19. Climate change
Climate change, sometimes also called
global warming, is the effect by which
the warming planet changes the
ecosystems and local weather patterns
of areas:
•Many species are undergoing
significant population number
changes
•Migration patterns have changed.
•Polar ice formations are melting
causing a rise in sea levels
•Rain and storm patterns have
changed
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20. Climate change
This could result in many more
extreme weather conditions in the
future, including:
•Hurricanes
•Floods
•Fresh water droughts
•Greater spread of disease
•Entire ecosystem damage
20

21. Climate change
The Climate Change Levy (CCL) is a
tax on energy delivered to non-
domestic users in the United
Kingdom.
Its aim is to provide an incentive to
increase energy efficiency and to
reduce carbon emissions; however,
there have been ongoing calls to
replace it with a proper carbon tax.
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22. Climate change
Exemptions to the Climate Change
Levy include:
•Fuel used by domestic or
transport sectors
•Fuel used for the production of
other forms of energy
•Very small firms using a
domestic amount of energy
•Oils which are already subject to
excise duty
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23. Climate change
Exemptions to the Climate Change
Levy continued:
•Electricity generated from
renewable energy
•Fuels used jointly as a feedstock
and an energy source within the
same process (e.g. coke in steel-
making)
•Electricity used in electrolysis
processes e.g. the chlor-alkali
process or primary aluminium
smelting
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24. Climate change: Group task
Power generation and the consumption
of carbon-rich fuels has been identified
as a contributor to climate change.
The use of renewable energy sources
which are not based upon the
combustion of carbon-rich (fossil) fuels
can help us prevent climate change.
In groups, list some renewable and
non-renewable ways of producing
energy.
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25. Climate change: Non-renewable
resources
Oil
•A common fossil fuel, crude oil is
usually found in deep reservoirs,
the extraction of which can harm
the surrounding environment
Oil derivatives
•Many fuels and plastics are
derived from oil, these also
produce pollutants in their
production or use
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26. Climate change: Non-renewable
resources
Coal
•A very dense form of carbon
used mainly as a fuel. When
burnt it releases a lot of toxic
waste and heavy metals
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27. Climate change: Non-renewable
resources
Natural gas
•Natural gas processes are
usually methane, the burning of
which as fuel releases pollutants
Uranium
•A trace element that is highly
radioactive. When exposed to
living organisms it can quickly
damage their cell structures and
normal functions
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28. Climate change: Renewable resources
Water
•Water exists in a system that
naturally recycles; however, it
can become contaminated and
unusable. Water flow can be
used to produce power in tidal,
wave, and hydro-electric power
plants by allowing the water to
flow through turbines
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29. Climate change: Renewable resources
Sunlight
•The sun is a massive nuclear
reaction that produces a lot of
light and heat, both of which can
be captured and harnessed by
photo-voltaic (PV) cells
Wind
•Wind flows can be converted into
electrical or mechanical energy
using turbines and wind-farms
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30. Climate change: Renewable resources
Geothermal
•The Earth contains a huge
amount of heat that can be
tapped, releasing large amounts
of energy
Biomass
•Living, or recently dead
organisms can be used as fuel.
When sustainably re-grown this
is renewable
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31. The greenhouse effect and the
ozone layer?
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32. Greenhouse gases
The greenhouse effect is the warming
that happens when the Earth’s
atmosphere traps heat from leaving the
planet.
Greenhouse gases are the gases in the
atmosphere that help trap this heat.
These are natural, and have existed in
the atmosphere for many years, however
human activity has contributed to the
quantity and distribution of these gases,
creating a more pronounced trapping of
heat.
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33. Greenhouse gases
There are three main greenhouse
gases that also contribute to the
depletion of the ozone layer.
•Carbon dioxide -usually
produced through combustion of
fossil fuels
•Methane-usually produced by
landfill or agriculture
•Nitrous oxide -usually produced
by fertilisation and industrial
processing
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34. Greenhouse gases
The depletion of the ozone layer is
caused mainly by the increase in
emissions of chlorine-and bromine-
containing compounds like CFCs,
halons, carbon tetrachloride, methyl
chloroform and methyl bromide.
Emissions of greenhouse gases can
affect the depletion of the ozone layer
through atmospheric interaction.
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35. Ozone and climate change
Ozone is a principal gas in the
atmosphere, the ozone layer
protects the earth from dangerous
rays from the sun.
As this layer is weakened and
destroyed by certain pollutants
that break down ozone, these
dangerous ultraviolet rays are able
to penetrate the Earth’s
atmosphere.
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36. Ozone and climate change
The ozone layer is damaged by
halon and chlorofluorocarbons, two
gases used in many industrial and
private applications.
Halon is used in firefighting
systems and explosive protection.
Chlorofluorocarbons are used in
refrigeration, solvents, and
aerosols.
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37. How do we correctly dispose of
our industrial waste?
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38. Waste disposal
Waste is generally considered to be anything
we do not require to add value to our
product.
It can take many forms but is usually sub-
divided into the following categories:
•Biodegradable
•Hazardous
•Inert
•Construction
•Clinical
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39. Biodegradable waste
Biodegradable waste naturally
breaks down into its base
compounds.
This breakdown, while less harmful
to the environment than materials
that do not break down, can still
contribute to methane production
from their decomposition.
Composting the waste to produce
heat, electricity, or fuel can solve
this waste problem.
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40. Hazardous waste
Hazardous waste is waste that poses a
flammable, reactive, corrosive, or toxic risk
to the environment, or any living organisms
reliant on it.
This can also result in groundwater
contamination, as well as ecologically
impacting on the ecosystem.
Hazardous waste can be handled by
recycling it into new products, cementing
them to prevent contamination, or
incinerating them.
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41. Inert waste
Waste that is not chemically or
biologically reactive and will not
decompose. Such waste products
include sand, glass, concrete,
ceramics, and similar.
Inert waste poses little risk to surface
or ground water; however, waste
products can still impact ecosystems
and organisms reliant on the area in
which they are disposed of.
These waste products are safe to be
sent to landfill or can be reclaimed.
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42. Construction waste
Waste produced as a product or by-
product of the construction
industries.
Some components, such as
plasterboard are hazardous if
landfilled, as when they break down,
they can release toxic gases.
Waste recycling plants (if equipped to
handle the materials) could manage
construction waste.
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43. Clinical waste
Waste produced as a result of medical
care or research, usually consisting of
tools for performing medical
procedures, or body parts and
products extracted, or removed, as
part of medical procedures.
As a biohazard, this waste can
contribute to the spread of diseases.
Clinical waste can be handled through
incineration or sterilisation.
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44. Environmental Policy
The Five core elements of an Environmental Policy are:
1. Commitment
2. Responsibility
3. Protection
4. Communication
5. Continual Improvement

45. Environmental Management System

46. ISO 14001
An International standard which specifies the requirements for an
auditable Environmental Management System that enables an
organization to develop and implement a suitable policy and set of
objectives which addresses its significant Environmental aspects.

47. ISO 14001

48. ISO 14001
Environmental
Policy
Planning
Implementation
& Operation
Checking
Management
Review
Continuous
Improvement

49. Environmental Aspect -element of an organisation's activities or
products or services that interact with the Environment
Environmental Impact -Any change to the Environment whether
adverse or beneficial wholly or partially resulting from an organisation's
Environmental aspects

50. (ISO14001:20044.2EnvironmentalPolicy)
ThefirstrequirementofISO14001istheestablishmentofan
EnvironmentalPolicywhichismandatedbyyourtopmanagement
andverifiedduringaManagementReview.

51. TheEnvironmentalPolicy:
•presentsyourtopmanagement’s
declarationofitscommitmentto
environmentalprotection;
•providestheEMSfoundationand
unifiedvisionofyourcompany’s
environmentalconcerns;
•establishesyourframeworkforsetting
andreviewingenvironmentalobjectives
andtargets;
•shouldbeunderstoodbyyourstaffand
communicatedexternally,especiallyto
personsworkingfororonbehalfofyour
organization;
•shouldbesignedanddatedbyyourtop
management.
HelpfulTips:
❑make it related to your products, services, and activities and impacts on the
environment
❑include a commitment to continual improvement, prevention of pollution and
compliance with applicable legal requirements and with other requirements
to which the organisation subscribes which relate to its environmental
aspects
❑make it simple and understandable
❑if appropriate, make it integrated with your quality policy / safety policy.
❑Consider addressing the following issues, where practicable :
✓sustainable development and/or product life cycle
✓adoption of “green” practices and procedures into design phase
✓Minimise of pollution, waste, and resource consumption;
✓Commitment to recovery, recycling and reuse.
✓Sharing of environmental knowledge with others
✓Encourage “green” practices in suppliers / contractors

52. A Better You, A Better Benin
WAPCO Benin Company S.A.