Environmental Management--Population.ppt

EMS

1. GREENING THE EARTH

SREE PRASAD R.
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
N.S.S.COLLEGE, PANDALAM
WELCOME
CHAPTER-7
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

2. The Human Population and the
Environment

3. The mass of humanity has been increasing throughout history;
and it is still increasing, but is doing so at the expense of other
forms of animal life.
Every additional kilogram of humanity has meant, as a matter of
absolute necessity, one less kilogram of nonhuman animal life.
Excerpt from the book The Roving
Mind by Isaac Asimov

4. We might argue, then, that the earth can support, as a
maximum, a mass of mankind equal to the present
mass of all animal life.
At that point, the number of human beings on the earth
would be forty million million, or over eleven thousand
times the present number. And no other species of
animal life would then exist. 
THE GOOD EARTH IS DYING .

5. ASIMOV ADVOCATES THE NEED TO RE-ORIENT
OUR THINKING TOWARDS
MOTHERHOOD
SEX
GROWTH
LOCALISM
THE GOOD EARTH . . .

6. MORE PEOPLE DEMAND MORE RESOURCES AND GENERATE MORE
WASTE.
POPULATION GROWTH RATE –
THE RATE AT WHICH THE NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS INCREASING IN A
POPULATION AT A GIVEN POINT OF TIME.
IF POPULATION RISE
HIGH?

7.  BIRTH RATE
 DEATH RATE

DURING A PARTICULAR TIME FRAME
IN A
GEOGRAPHICAL REGION.
TWO MAIN FACTORS
INFLUENCING POPULATION
GROWTH RATE

8. “graying of a population” (Japan)
Characteristic of highly developed countries
Women choosing not to have children..pursue career instead
who will care for the elders?
income to provide for social services
economic impacts (smaller workforce)
some countries providing incentives to have more children
(Europe)
may be balanced out with a large number of immigrants
Problems with a growing
population

9. * Children in Labour Force
Cost of raising and educating children
Availability of pension systems
Urbanization
Education and employment for women
Infant mortality rate
Average marrying age
Abortion
Availability of birth control
HAZARDS OF POPULATION GROWTH

10. Several factors determine the impact of a
society on natural resources.
Population size
Population density
Degree of technological development
Demography - Study of populations and their
characteristics.
Human Population Issue

11. Population Trend
Comparisons
Developed Countries
Low infant mortality rate
Life expectancy 77 years
Total fertility rate = 2.0
21% population <15
12% population >65
Per capita GDP = $36,110
Developing Countries
High infant mortality rate
Life expectancy 52 years
Total fertility rate = 5.7
44% population <15
3% population >65
Per capita GDP = $800

12.  BEFORE 10000 YEARS – 5 MILLION
14
TH
C. -- 500 MILLION
BEFORE 200 YEARS -- 1 BILLION
World population = 6.4 billion (6,400,000) in 2004
Rate actually decreased between 1963-2004, but the
population has still doubled from 3.2 –6.4 billion
Doubled since 1963 = 3.2 billion
In 2050 could be 7.2 – 10.6 billion
Amplifies all environmental problems
Largest increase expected in developing countries
(approximately 97%)
Decreasing in some developed countries
Current Population Trends

13. RAPID AND DRAMATIC RISE IN THE WORLD POPULATION
OVER THE LAST FEW HUNDRED YEARS.
CAUSES
1.GREEN REVOLUTION (PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION)
2. IMPROVEMENT IN PUBLIC HEALTH (WATER AND SANITATION)
3.ADVANCED MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
4.ENHANCEMENT IN EDUCATION AND LIVING STANDARDS.
POPULATION EXPLOSION

14. Five key properties of any population
Abundance
Birth rates
Death rates
Growth rates
Age structure
Basic Concepts of Population
Dynamics

15. Maximum lifetime- maximum possible age to which
an
individual of a species can live.
Life expectancy- the average number of years an
individual can expect to live.
Higher in developed nations
Japan highest, 82 years
Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland lowest, 35 years
Longevity and Its Effect on
Population Growth

16. How Can We Achieve Zero
Population Growth?
Simplest and
one of the most
effective is to
delay the age of
1
st
childbearing
by women.

17. Family planning
Improve health care
Elevate the status of women
Increase education
Involve men in parenting
Reduce poverty
Sustainability
Cutting Global Population Growth

18. The choice of population control methods is an
issue that involves social, moral and religious
beliefs
Vary from country to country
Wide range of approaches
Information
Accesses to birth control
Rewards and penalties
National Programs to Reduce
Birth Rates

19. helps couples choose how many children to have and
when to have them
educating men and women
birth spacing, birth control, health care for women and
infants
the older a women is when she has her first child will
decrease the total number of children
reduces number of pregnancies and abortions (major
decrease in TFR)
lack of access to services hinders efforts
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family planning

20. women will have fewer children if they are educated,
can control their own fertility, and earn an income of
their own
Microloans for skilled trades (weaving, sewing, etc.) to
earn income
in many societies women have fewer rights and
educational and economic opportunities
patriarchal societies (sons valued)--India
women account for 66% of all hours worked but only
10% of income earned (worldwide)
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empowering women

21. HUMAN RIGHTS
PROTECTION OF GIRLS/WOMEN
CHILD WELFARE
VALUE EDUCATION
ISSUES OF SERIOUS CONCERN

22. HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
H = Infects only Human beings
I = Immunodeficiency virus weakens the immune
system and increases the risk of infection
V = Virus that attacks the body

23. AIDS
Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome
A = Acquired, not inherited
I = Weakens the Immune system
D = Creates a Deficiency of CD4+
cells in the immune system
S = Syndrome, or a group of illnesses
taking place at the same time

24. HIV and AIDS
•When the immune system
becomes weakened by HIV, the
illness progresses to AIDS
•Some blood tests, symptoms or
certain infections indicate
progression of HIV to AIDS

26. Transmission of HIV
. HIV is transmitted by
• Direct contact with infected blood, Secretions.
• Sexual contact
•HIV-infected mothers to infants during pregnancy, delivery, or
breastfeeding
ELISA test?
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, also called ELISA or
EIA, is a test that detects and measures antibodies in your blood.
This test can be used to determine if you have antibodies related
to certain infectious conditions. 

27. Transmission of HIV
HIV is not transmitted by
•
Public baths
• Handshakes
• Work or school contact
•Sharing cups, glasses,
plates, or other utensils
•Coughing, sneezing
•Insect bites
•Touching, hugging
•Water, food

28. Adult HIV Prevalence
High Prevalence States:
these are Tamil Nadu,
Maharastra, Karnataka,
Andhra Pradesh,
Manipur and Nagaland