Environmental Sustainability in Dentistry.pdf

green dentistry using eco-friendly materials

1. Environmental Sustainability in Dentistry :
In Vitro Inhibition Test of 80% Clove Flower (Eugenia
aromatica) Extract Against Streptococcus mitis
HaninCayaHapsari
Faculty of Dentistry

2. Introduction
•Environmental sustainability in dentistry involves adopting practices and
technologies that minimize the environmental impact of dental care
•Pioneering eco-friendly materials, waste management, and energy
conservation.
•Biodegradable and bioactive materials as eco-friendly materials to
enhance oral health
•Clove Flower is a renewable resource sustainably sourced from various
global regions, such as Indonesia.

3. Introduction
•Streptococcus mitis is one of the causes of alveolar osteitis due to its
ability to produce plasminogen activator in the form of streptokinase
which induces fibrinolytic activity.
•Alveolar osteitis is a complication of tooth extraction in the form of
inflammation of the alveolar bone.
•Clove flower extract contains several bioactive compounds such as
eugenol, flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids which possess antimicrobial,
anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties.
•Using clove-deriviedmaterials in dentistry can be an eco-friendly
material alternative of Alveogyl®which may prevent infection and reduce
the risk of Streptococcus mitis colonization.

4. Statement of the Problem
•Does clove flower extract (Eugenia aromaticum) with a concentration of
80% has a stronger inhibitory effect on the growth of Streptococcus mitis
bacteria than Alveogyl®?

5. Objectives
•Determine the difference in inhibition of 80% clove flower extract
(Eugenia aromaticum) compared to Alveogyl®as a medication for
alveolar osteitis in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mitis using the
agar well diffusion method.

6. Methodology
•A Laboratory experiment using well agar diffusion method.
•The calculation of the research sample size was determined using the
Federer formula.
•The Federer formula for sample size in animal study is(T-1) (N-1)>15
•This study used 2 treatment groups.
•Group A: group treated with clove flower extract (Eugenia aromaticum)
concentration 80%
•Group B: group treated with Alveogyl®treatment.
•Based on the calculations using Federer formula, each treatment group
was repeated 16 times. The total sample used was 32 samples.

7. Methodology
1.Clove flower extract using maceration technique
2.Dilution of clove flower extract to a concentration of 80%.
3.Inoculation of Streptococcus mitison Mueller Hinton Agar
4.Making 4 holes on each agar
•Clove flower extract into 2 holes
•Alveogyl®into 2 holes
5.Incubate the agar into the incubator for 24 hours at 37 degree Celsius
6.Measure the inhibitory zone on the agar

8. 12345
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10. Results and Discussion
80% clove flower extractAlveogyl®80% clove
flower extract
Alveogyl®
MeanMeasurement of Inhibitory Zone Diameter

11. Results and Discussion
3,0-3,9
12%
4,0-4,9
69%
5,0-5,9
19%
80% Clove Flower Extract
3,0-3,94,0-4,95,0-5,9
3.0 -3.9
62%
4.0 -4.9
38%
5.0 -5.9
0%
Alveogyl
3.0 - 3.94.0 - 4.95.0 - 5.9

12. Results and Discussion
•The results of this study proved that 80% clove flower extract had a
stronger inhibitory effect onStreptococcus mitis bacteria than Alveogyl
(p=0.000).
•The significant results in this study are likely because clove flower extract
contains more active compounds that have antibacterial effects (eugenol,
flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids) compared to Alveogyl.
•Another possibility that supports it is a different dosage form, the paste
form (Alveogyl) which was applied in this study is less suitable perhaps
because its diffusing ability is less than optimal compared to the liquid
form (clove flower extract).

13. Results and Discussion
•Further research needs to be carried out regarding the appropriate levels
of each active compound in 80% clove flower extract,
•It is necessary to carry out a phytochemical test to find out what active
compounds are contained in 80% clove flower extract,
•It is necessary to test the toxicity of the active compounds in 80% clove
flower extract against normal cells,
•Further research needs to be carried out to compare between groups
using the same dosage form (liquid with liquid) so that direct comparison
can be made,
•Further research needs to be carried out regarding the dosage form of
clove flower extract so that it can be applied to living cells which will later
be carried out in experimental animal tests.

14. Conclusion
1.Cloveflowerextractwithaconcentration80%hastheabilitytoinhibitthe
growthofStreptococcusmitisthatcausealveolarosteitis
2.Cloveflowerextractwithaconcentration80%hasastrongerinhibition
powerthanAlveogylasseenfromthelargeraveragediameterofthe.
Inhibitoryzone
3.Cloveflowerextractwithaconsentration80%canbeaneco-friendly
materialalternativeofdentalmedicationencompasseco-friendly
materialssupportingenvironmentalsustainabilityindentistryindustry.

15. Acknowledgement
Alhamdulillaahirabbil'alamin, all praise to Allah SWT for His grace and
guidance so that the author can complete the thesis entitled "Testing the
Inhibitory Power of Clove Flower Extract (Eugenia aromaticum) 80% against
Streptococcus mitis bacteria in vitro well. The author was able to complete
this thesis without the support, role and assistance of various parties,
therefore, with humility and respect, the author would like to express her
deepest gratitude to the people who helped you during your thesis and
dissertation process.

16. References
•Birn, H., 1973, Etiologyand pathogenesis of fibrinolytic alveolitis (“dry
socket”).International journal of oral surgery,2(5), 211-263.
•Dahlan, M. S., 2011, StatistikUntukKedokterandan Kesehatan Edisi5, Salemba
Medika, Jakarta.
•Gowda, G. G., Viswanath, D., Kumar, M., Umashankar, 2013, Dry Socket (Dry socket):
Incidence, Pathogenesis, Prevention and Management, Journal of Indian Academy of
Oral Medicine and Radiology, 25 (3): 196-199.
•Hasanuddin, A, R, P., dan Salnus, S., 2020, Uji BioaktivitasMinyakCengkeh
(Syzygiumaromaticum) TerhadapPertumbuhanBakteriStreptococcus mutans
PenyebabKarierGigi, JurnalBiologiMakassar, 5(2), hal. 241–250.
•Kumar, S. G., Majumdar, A., Pavithra, G., 2014, Quality of Life (QOL) and Its
Associated Factors Using WHOQOL-BREF Among Elderly in Urban Puducherry,
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 8(1):54-57.
•Laskin, D. M., 1985, Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery, St. Louis: The CV Mosby Co.,
1(18):602.

17. Thank You
-TerimaKasih