Envisioning the future using iris scanning biometrics

Iris scanning biometrics and envisioning the future

1. SWATI NEGI
06-ECE-152
Gurgaon Institute of Technology and Management,Bilaspur, Gurgaon
EMAIL: [email protected]

2. CONTENTS
•Introduction
•Biometrics - Future Of Identity
•Human eye
•Iris Recognition
•How it works
•Advantages and Disadvantages
•Technology comparison
•Iris recognition in fiction
•Applications
•Retinal scans

3. INTRODUCTION
•In today's information age it is not difficult to collect data
about an individual and use that information to exercise
control over the individual.
•Data security has become an inevitable feature.
•ID cards can be almost lost, forged or misplaced:
passwords can be forgotten.
•If you lose your keys or jot your password on a piece of
paper, someone else can find them and use them as
though they were you.
•Biometric system automatically verifies or recognizes the
identity of a living person based on physical or
behavioral characteristics.

4. •Instead of using something you have (like a key) or
something you know (like a password), biometrics uses
who you are to identify you.
•Biometrics can use physical characteristics, like your
face, fingerprints, irises or veins, or behavioral
characteristics like your voice, handwriting or typing
rhythm.
•Unlike keys and passwords, your personal traits are
extremely difficult to lose or forget. They can also be
very difficult to copy. For this reason, many people
consider them to be safer and more secure than keys or
passwords

5. BIOMETRICS - FUTURE OF
IDENTITY
•A Biometric system can be divided into 2 systems:
1.The enrollment module
2.The identification module.
•The enrollment module is responsible for the training the
system to identify the person.
Biometric sensor scans person’s physiognomy to create
digital representation.
Feature extractor processes the representation to
generate more expressive representation-template.
Template for each user is stored in a biometric system
database.

6. •The identification module is responsible for recognizing
the person.
Biometric sensor captures characteristics of person to
be identified.
Converts into same digital format as template.
Resulting template is fed to feature matcher.
Which compares it against stored template to
determine the match!

7. Biometric systems can seem complicated, but they all use the
same three steps:
•Enrollment: The first time you use a biometric system, it records
basic information about you, like your name or an identification
number. It then captures an image or recording of your specific trait.
•Storage: Contrary to what you may see in movies, most systems
don't store the complete image or recording. They instead analyze
your trait and translate it into a code or graph. Some systems also
record this data onto a smart card that you carry with you.
•Comparison: The next time you use the system, it compares the
trait you present to the information on file. Then, it either accepts or
rejects that you are who you claim to be .

8. HUMAN EYE
•The pupil is the central
transparent area (shown
as black).
•The blue area
surrounding it is iris.
•The white outer area is
the sclera, the central
transparent part of which
is the cornea.

9. HUMAN EYE

10. IRIS RECOGNITION
•Iris scanning measures patterns
on the colored part of eye-the
iris.
•The tissue has a unique pattern
of markings which does not
change and is different for each
eye.
•Iris scanners read from the
outer edge towards the pupil,
detecting and plotting the
markings.
•Data is saved and stored on a
chip, on a passport or ID card
which will be verified when the
eye is scanned in.

11. HOW IT WORKS
•First step :
Position Correctly
3-10 inches max 3 feet
Camera focuses automatically or,
You Use mirror
•Second step:
Photograph is taken by
Specialized digital camera in iris scanner:
a) uses visible light
b) uses near infrared light
To take a clear high contrast picture of a person’s iris.
PROCESS TAKES LESS THAN 2 SECONDS

12. •Computer locates:
Centre of pupil
Edge of pupil
Edge of iris (IRIS SCAN ALGORITHM )
Eye lids and eye lashes
It provides detail of the iris mapped , recorded, stored future
matching/verification.
•Analyses of patterns in iris, Translating into code.(512
byte iris code)
•Matching of codes and hence verification takes place.

13. ADVANTAGES
•Iris is ideal for biometric identification.
•Imitation is impossible.
•Recognition not impeded by glasses or contact lenses.
•Stable i.e. remain same better than fingerprints.
•Predictable shape than face.
•Fast / quick scan. (little more than second)
•High security.
•Misidentification rate is less.(1 in 1.2 million)
•Many wide applications.
•More than 200 unique points of reference for
comparison.
•Even blind people can use it as long as they have
irides.

14. DISADVANTAGES
•Incompatible with authorities. (investment)
•Poor image quality.
•Difficult to perform at large distance
•Difficulty arises if the person to be identified is not
cooperating by holding the head still, and not looking
into camera.

15. Is there any way to fool the
system?
•Researchers attempted to do this by creating contact
lenses with irides printed on them. The system had no
trouble spotting the fakes. Some of the newer drug
treatments for glaucoma include changes in iris
pigmentation among their side effects. This should not be a
problem since iris recognition systems rely on
monochrome images, the developers say.

16. Method Coded Pattern
Misidentifica
tion rate
Secur
ity
Applications
Iris
Recogni
tion
Iris pattern 1/1,200,000 High
High-
security
facilities
Fingerprint
ing
Fingerprints 1/1,000
Medi
u
m
Universal
Hand
Shape
Size, length and
thickness of hands
1/700 Low
Low-
security
facilities
Facial
Recogni
tion
Outline, shape and
distribution of eyes
and nose
1/100 Low
Low-
security
facilities
Signature
Shape of letters, writing
order, pen pressure
1/100 Low
Low-
security
facilities
Voice
printing
Voice characteristics 1/30 Low
Telephone
service
TECHNOLOGY COMPARISON

17. IRIS RECOGNITION IN FICTION
•Demolition Man (1993) Character played by Wesley Snipes uses the
Warden's gouged eye to gain access through security door.
•In Dan Brown's 2000 novel Angels and Demons, an assassin gains access
to a top secret CERN laboratory using a scientist's eye.
•Steven Spielberg's 2002 science fiction film Minority Report depicts a society
in which what appears to be a form of iris recognition has become daily
practice. The principal character undergoes an eye transplant in order to
change his identity but continues to use his original eyes to gain access to
restricted locations.
•The Simpsons Movie (2007) features a scene that illustrates the difficulty of
image acquisition in iris recognition.
•Numb3rs features a scene where a robber gets into the CalSci facility by
cracking the code assigned to a specific iris.
•NCIS uses an Iris scanner in the garage, where forensic vehicle
investigations are carried out and evidence is stored.

18. APPLICATIONS
•Substituting for passports (automated international
border crossing);
•Aviation security and controlling access to restricted
areas at airports;
•Database access and computer login; premises
access control;
•Hospital settings including mother-infant pairing in
maternity wards;
•Door lock system.
•ATM machines.
•It is under consideration for biometrically enabled
National Identity Cards.

19. •Airports have begun to use iris-scanning for such diverse
functions as employee identification/verification for
movement through secure areas and allowing registered
frequent airline passengers a system that enables fast
and easy identity verification in order to expedite their
path through passport control
•Projects designed to authenticate
on-line purchasing
on-line banking
on-line voting
on-line stock trading.
• Iris-scan offers a high level of user security, privacy and
general peace of mind for the consumer.

20. RETINAL SCANS
•Not to be confused with another less prevalent ocular-
based technology, retina scanning,
•Some people confuse iris scans with retinal scans.
•Retinal scans, however, are an older technology that
required a bright light to illuminate a person's retina.
•The sensor would then take a picture of the blood vessel
structure in the back of the person's eye.
•Some people found retinal scans to be uncomfortable
and invasive.
•People's retinas also change as they age, which could
lead to inaccurate readings.

21. THANKS AND QUERIES!