envormental And occupational diseases .pptx

envormental And occupational diseases

1. Environmental and Occupational Lung Diseases Omer ASLANKAN

2. Environmental and Occupational Lung Diseases Environmental and occupational lung diseases ; are respiratory conditions caused by exposure to various substances in the environment or workplace . Causes ; Exposure to dusts , fibers , fumes , gases . They are  affecting millions  of workers .  Common include   asbestosis , silicosis , and coal worker's pneumoconiosis . Prevention ; proper ventilation and personal protective equipment

3. Main difference Occupational diseases : are diseases caused by work or work environment such as asbestosis , coal worker’s pneumoconiosis ( black lung ), beryllosis ( brown lung ), silicosis . ) Work-related diseases : Diseases that are not occupation-specific , but are aggravated at work , such as occupational asthma , industrial bronchitis .

4. Major Type of Exposure Associated with Clinical Disease  G ases Corrosive substances ( acids , alkalis ) Dyes and stains Dusts and powders Asbestos and other fibers infectious agents Insecticides and pesticides Metal and metal fumes plastics Solvents Radiation ( electromagnetic fields , X-ray radiation , ultraviolet radiation )

5. Classification of old 1) Inflammation of airways - Inflammation of lining of respiratory system 2) Obstructive lung disease - Reversible; Occupational asthma , Byssinosis - Irreversible; Industrial bronchitis, emphysema 3) Restrictive lung disease - Pneumoconiosis : Silicosis , Asbestosis - Farmer’s lung

6. Inflammation of airways is swelling and irritation of the air passages inside the lungs . It can be caused by various factors such as infections , allergies and exposure to pollutants .  Inflammation affects the trachea , bronchi and bronchioles , symptoms such as coughing , wheezing and shortness of breath .

7. Types of Work-related asthma 1) Work-exacerbated asthma : is a worsening of existing asthma due to a cause at work . Risk factors ; Dust , cleaning products, humidity , irritants , allergens , molds , cold 2) Occupational asthma : is when something at work causes new-onset asthma . Risk factors ; Dusts , gases ( chlorine, ammonia ), fumes , vapors , chemicals , animal fur . Symptoms ; Wheezing , Coughing , Difficulty breathing , chest pain . Diagnosis ; workplace exposure history , lung function test ( spirometry ), CT scan. Treatment ; exposure reduction (and if necessary removal ), Long-term control medicines ( Inhaled corticosteroids )

8. Byssinosis Byssinosis ; Associated with the exposure to cotton , flax , and hemp dust . Symptoms : wheezing and chest tightness .  It is most common in people who work in the textile industry . Diagnosis ; Chest x-ray, Chest CT scan and Lung function tests. Treatment ; is to stop being exposed to the dust , bronchodilators , Corticosteroid medicines .

9. Occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis OHP ; is an immunologic lung disease resulting from lymphocytic and granulomatous inflammation . The most prevalent form is Farmer’s hypersensitivity pneumonitis (FHP) or Farmer’s lung . Causes ; moldy hay , breathe in bacteria , wood dust , Bird droppings Causal exposures / industries : Agricultural workers , Forestry workers , Mushroom workers , Bird handlers , Sugar cane producers , Distillery workers Symptoms include cough , fever, and breathlessness , Dyspnea. Prevention ; controlling dust and Reduction of exposure to moldy organic material

10. COPD COPD ; characterized by impaired lung function . Causes ; Exposure to vapors , gases , dust and fumes . Causal exposures / industries : - Mineral dusts ; ( coal mining , construction , cement ) - Organic dusts ; ( farming , cotton textile work ) - Chemicals ; ( cadmium, welding fumes , isocyanates ) Prevention : exposure controls, ventilation , dust reduction measures .

11. Pneumoconiosis Pneumoconiosis ; is lung diseases caused by various inorganic dusts . ( Asbestosis , Silicosis , Coal Worker’s pneumoconiosis , Berylliosis ) Interstitial lung diseases involve inflammation and scarring of lung tissue . Workers in industries like mining and ceramics are commonly affected . Symptoms include coughing , wheezing , and shortness of breath . Prevention ; Avoiding all dust exposure .

12. Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis CWP ; is a lung disease that results from breathing in dust from coal , graphite , or man-made carbon over a long time. Can cause industrial bronchitis , emphysema , and progressive massive fibrosis . Symptoms ; Cough , Shortness of breath , Coughing up of black sputum . Diagnosis ; Chest x-ray, Chest CT scan and Lung function tests. Treatment ; exposure to coal dust , Medicines to keep the airways open and reduce mucus , Oxygen therapy .

13. Asbestosis A chronic lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibers . It leads to lung scarring and stiffness , impairing breathing . Asbestos related diseases ; Asbestosis , Pleural disorders , Mesothelioma , Diffuse pleural thickening , Benign pleural effusion , Pleural plagues , Lung cancer , Laryngeal cancer Symptoms often appear decades after initial exposure . There is no cure , but treatments focus on managing symptoms .

14. Silicosis Silicosis is caused by inhaling crystalline silica dust . It can progress to chronic lung disease and increase tuberculosis risk. Workers in mining , construction , and stone cutting are at risk. Prevention : Control of exposure silica dust and respiratory protection . There is no cure , but symptoms can be managed with medical care.

15. Berylliosis Berylliosis ; is a granulomatous disease caused by exposure to beryllium. Symptoms ; cough , fever, night sweats , and fatigue , weight loss Diagnosis ; occupational history , positive blood or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) , beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test (BeLPT), and granulomatous inflammation on lung biopsy . Treatment ; Avoid exposure to beryllium dust , use corticosteroids