Enzymes and its structure on how it happen.ppt

About enzymes, structure and others

1. ENZYMES

2. ENZYMES AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS
C
hemical reactions must occur continuously in living things!
E
xamples:
•Photosynthesis
•Breaking down food
C
an occur with the help of
macromolecules called
ENZYMES.
ENZYMES
REACTANTS
PRODUCTS
Enzyme names usually end in -ASE

3. WHAT ARE ENZYMES?
Enzymes belong to the biomolecule group of
PROTEINS
1.Spend one minute writing a list of characteristics an enzyme has if it
is in the protein category.
2.Turn to your neighbor and discuss your list.
3.Improve the list you have on your notes and be prepared to share!

4. ENZYMES ARE PROTEINS…
MADE OF AMINO
ACID
MONOMERS
PEPTIDE
BONDS
ORGANIC
CAR
B
O
N

CO
M
PO
U
N
D
S
CONTAIN
NITROGEN

5. FUNCTION OF ENZYMES
Enzymes are proteins that function as
CATALYSTS
This means they help to speed up chemical reactions
How? They lower the activation energy of reaction so it takes LESS
energy for the reaction to take place.
Enzymes are very specific and will only catalyze one specific chemical
reaction. This means there are TONS of enzymes at work at all times!
The enzyme wont change after the reaction takes place, it is recycled!

6. VS.

7. FUNCTION OF ENZYMES:
1.Spend one minute writing an explanation of the FUNCTION of
enzymes. YOU MUST USE THE WORDS CATALYST,
ACTIVATION ENERGY, RECYCLABLE
2.Turn to your neighbor and explain to them!
3.Improve the explanation on your notes and be prepared to share!
BEEP
BEEP

8. STRUCTURE OF ENZYMES
Enzyme
Active
Site
Substrate
Enzymes match with
a substrate that fits
like a puzzle at an
active site.
LABEL
YOURS!

9. 1
The structure of enzymes and substrates are a “lock and key” model
The molecules that bind to the enzyme are called substrates.
The location where they bind (sit down) is called the active site.
•After the enzyme and substrate bind it is called an enzyme-substrate complex.
• The substrate may break apart or bond together to form a product.
2
3
Ex. DISACCHARIDE TURNS TO MONOSACCHARIDES
STRUCTURE OF ENZYMES

10. STRUCTURE OF ENZYMES:
1.Spend one minute writing an explanation of STRUCTURE of
enzymes. YOU MUST USE THE WORDS ENZYME,
SUBSTRATE, ACTIVE SITE, “LOCK AND KEY” and
ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX.
2.Turn to your neighbor and explain to them!
3.Improve the explanation on your notes and be prepared to share!

11. “TOOTHPICKASE”
WHAT WAS THE ENZYME?
WHAT WAS THE SUBSTRATE?
HOW WERE YOU ACTING AS AN ENZYME?

12. FACTORS THAT AFFECT ENZYME ACTION
Temperature- the rate of an enzyme increases with temperature.
If the temperature is too high, it can DENATURE (destroy) the shape
of an enzyme so that it no longer fits the substrate.

13. FACTORS THAT AFFECT ENZYME ACTION
p
H- enzymes work efficiently at a specific pH.
•Enzymes in blood work best at a pH of 7 (neutral)
•Enzymes in stomach work best at a pH of 2 (acid)
•Enzymes in intestine work best at a pH of 8 (base)

14. FACTORS THAT AFFECT ENZYME ACTION
Chemical messengers called HORMONES can signal a cell to start
or stop an enzyme from working.
An INHIBITOR may prevent or slow the enzyme rate by blocking
the active site where the substrate sits down!

15. FACTORS THAT AFFECT ENZYME ACTION
List the factors that affect enzyme action in your notes.
Temperature
pH
Hormones
Inhibitors

16. “TOOTHPICKASE”
1.Add 2 paperclips to your pile of toothpicks.
2.For 15 seconds, break as many toothpicks as you can with your
EYES CLOSED!
3.Be sure to count how many you have broken and document it on
your notes!

17. “TOOTHPICKASE”
WHAT WAS THE ENZYME?
WHAT WAS THE SUBSTRATE?
WHAT WAS THE INHIBITOR?
HOW WAS THE RATE OF ENZYME ACTION AFFECTED?

18. EXAMPLES OF BIOLOGICAL
ENZYMES
L
ipase — breaking down of fats (lipid)
P
rotease — breaking down of proteins
C
ellulase — breaking down of fiber (cellulose)
A
mylase — breaking down of starch (amylose)
L
actase — breaking down of dairy products (lactose)
S
ucrase — breaking down of sugar (sucrose)
M
altase — breaking down of grains (maltose)

20. “TOOTHPICKASE”
How many toothpicks did you break in 15 seconds? _____________
ENZYMES are PROTEINS
Characteristics of proteins:
Label:
Describe the structure of an enzyme:
“TOOTHPICKASE”
Enzyme:
Substrate:
How were you acting as an enzyme?
FUNCTION of ENZYMES
EXPLAIN the function of enzymes:
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ENZYME ACTION:
“TOOTHPICKASE”
How many toothpicks did you break in 15 seconds? _____________
Enzyme:
Substrate:
Inhibitor:
How did the rate of enzyme action change?

21. ENZYMES
ARE
PROTEINS
INFLUENTIAL
FACTORS
STRUCTURE
OF
ENZYMES
FUNCTION
OF
ENZYMES