Enzymes in textiles

various enzymes used in textile industry

1. ENZYMES IN TEXTILE INDUSTRY SUBMITTED BY: CHITRANGNA TYAGI MSc . BIOTECHNOLOGY (PREVIOUS YEAR) ROLL NO. 15 SUBMITTED TO: DR. JITENDRA YADAV

2. SINCE 1990s the use of enzyme technology has increased substantially, especially in the processing of natural fibers. WHAT ARE ENZYMES? ENZYMES ARE BIOLOGICAL CATALYST THAT INCREASES THE RATE OF CHEMICAL REACTION WITHOUT BEING CONSUMED IN THE CHEMICAL PROCESS. ENZYMES WORK AS ISOMERASES,TRANSFERASES, LYASES OXIDOREDUCTASES,HYDROLASES, LIGASES. USE OF ENZYMES IN THE TEXTILE PROCESSING HAS BEEN KNOWN FOR MORE THAN 2000 YEARS. 1. EARLIER IT IS USED IN THE REMOVAL OF STARCH BY SOAKING STARCH-SIZED CLOTH WITH WATER LIQUOR CONTAINING BARLEY. 2.RETTING OF BAST FIBRES WITH THE USE OF THE MICRO-ORGANISMS.

3. TEXTILE PROCESSES IN WHICH ENZYME TECHNOLOGY WIDELY USED ARE: DESIZING OF CELLULOSE FIBRES SCOURING OF COTTON FIBRES ( BIOSCOURING ) BLEACING OF FABRIC REMOVAL OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AGEING OF DENIM ( BIOSTONING) BIOPOLISHING DEGUMMING OF SILK.

4. ENZYMES COMMONLY INVOLVED IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY ARE:

5. REASONS TO USE ENZYME TECHNOLOGY OVER CONVENTIONAL METHODS: ENZYMES ARE ECO-FRIENDLY AND REACTIONS CATALYSED ARE VERY SPECIFIC WITH A FOCUSSED PERFORMANCE AS A CONSEQUENCE. WHEAREAS CHEMICAL PROCESSES ARE LESS SPECIFIC AND OFTEN RESULT IN SIDE EFFECTS. USE OF ENZYME SAVE WATER AND ENERGY. IT IMPROVES PRODUCT QUALITY AND POTIENTIAL PROCESS INTEGRATION. ENZYMES CAN BE IMMOBILIZED AND REPEATEDLY USE. NON –TOXIC REDUCE PROCEESING TIME,COST AND

6. DESIZING OF COTTON FIBRES PROCESS OF REMOVING THE STARCH MATERIAL FROM WARP YARNS. NATURAL SIZES OF STARCH ORIGIN ARE REMOVED BY ENZYMATIC DEGRADATION WITH AMYLASES. FOR UNIFORM AND IMPROVED WET PROCESSING. AMYLASE IS A HYDROLYTIC ENZYME. STARCH ——AMYLASE— DEXTRIN,MALTOSE,SHORT HAIN SUGARS BECAUSE AMYLASES SPECIFICALLY ACT ON STARCH, THEY REMOVE IT WITHOUT CAUSING DAMAGE TO SUPPORT FABRIC GENERALLY OBTAINED FROM BACTERIAL SPECIES, LIKE BACILLUS SUBTILIS(PH 5-7)

7. BIOSCOURING OF COTTON PROCESS WHICH REMOVES ALL THE NATURAL IMPURITIES LIKE OIL, WAX, FAT FROM THE SURFACE OF FABRIC TO MAKE IT MORE HYDROPHILLIC AND WHITE. IN BIOSCOURING,ALKALINE STABLE PECTINASES OR PECTINASES IN COMBINATION WITH CELLULASE IS USED TO REMOVE PECTIN,WAX ,NON-CELLULOSIC COMPONENTS SELECTIVELY FROM COTTON FIBRES. OTHER ENZYMES BEING EXAMINED FOR THIS PROCESS ARE: CELLOBIOHYEDROLASES XYLANASES PROTEASES

8. ENZYMATIC BLEACHING PUROSE OF COTTON BLEACHING IS TO DECOLOURISE NATURAL PIGMENTS. ENZYMATIC GENERATION OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE BY USING A GLUCOSE OXIDASE. IT BETTERS PRODUCT QUALITYDUE TO LESS FIBER DAMAGE SUBSTANTIAL SAVING ON WASHING WATER NEEDED FOR THE REMOVAL OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE.

9. AGEING OF DENIM CELLULASE ENZYMES ARE USED IN DENIM GARMENT PROCESSING TO GET STONE WASH LOOK WITHOUT USING PUMICE STONE. ENDOGLUCANASE IS THE BEST PERFORMING ENZYME . EGII FROM TRICHODERMA RESSI IS MOST EFFECTIVE IN REMOVING COLOUR AND PRODUCING STONE WASHED EFFECT WITH LOWEST DEGREE OF HYDROLYSIS.

10. DEGUMMING OF SILK PROCESS OF REMOVING SERICIN OR SILK GUM FROM SILK. ALKALINE OPERATING PROTEASES ARE USED IN SERICIN DEGRADATION. TENSILE STRENGHT LOSS IS LIMITED. PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES USED ARE: PAPAIN ,PEPSIN , COMBINATION OF PROTEASE WITH LIPASE –BEST RESULT . ENZYMATIC DEGUMMING IS ONLY USED IN CHINA.

11. ENZYMES USED IN TEXTILE EFFLUENT TREATMENT AND RECYCLING WET PROCESSING OF TEXTILES IS MAJOR SOURCE OF WATER POLLUTION. DYES ,AZODYES, PVA ARE TOXIC AND NON- BIODEGRADABLE. LACCASE , LIGNIN PEROXIDASE, MAGANESE PEROXIDASE ARE CAPABLE OF DEGRADING AROMATIC RINGS. FUNGUS PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS AND PHANEROCHEATE CHRYSPORIUM ARE USED TO DEGRADE DYES.

12. FUTURE PERSPECTIVES BIOFINISHING OF WOOL USE OF ENZYMES IN SYNTHETIC FIBERS LIKE POLYESTER AND NYLON. USE OF LIPASES TO INCREASE WATER WETTING AND ABSORBENT PROPERTIES OF REGULAR POLYESTER FIBER CULTURE FILTERATE OF A WHITE-ROT FUNGUS CAN SUBSTANTIALLY CHANGE THE SURFACE PROPERTIES OF POLYAMIDE FABRICS MADE OF PA66 AND PA6.

13. REFRENCES : ENZYMES IN INDUSTRY (EDITED BY WOLFGANG AEHLE) REASEARGHGATE.COM REVIEW PAPER(APPLICATION OF ENZYME IN TEXTILE INDUSTRY BY KIRO MOJSOV)

14. ANY SUGGESTION AND QUERIES ARE WELCOMED