Enzymes introduction and it's application-pp.ppt

Enzyme activity and it's types

2. Review of Biochemistry
Organic vs. Inorganic
Organic Compounds
1.Proteins
2.Carbohydrates
3.Lipids
4.Nucleic Acids

3. Enzymes greatly
increase the rate at
which reactions take
place
WHAT DO ENZYMES DO?
WOW!
That reaction is really
fast!

4. Enzymes
•Enzymes are proteins
•Enzymes are very specific
–One enzyme, One function!
•The substance that an enzyme changes is
called a substrate.

5. SOME IMPORTANT THINGS TO
KNOW ABOUT ENZYMES:
•Each chemical reaction requires a
specific enzyme
•An enzyme cannot cause a
reaction, however...
•Enzymes can be used over and over
again - Recycle!!
•Example: digestion of food

6. Other Interesting Enzyme
Facts:
•They are made of protein
•They work because they have a
specific shape…works like a lock and
key!

7. Enzyme
Reactions
•Digestion- Breaking
down molecules
•Synthesis- Building up
molecules

8. How Enzymes Work
•On the surface of the enzyme is a region called
an active site.
•The substrate will bond to the active site of the
enzyme, then break into smaller “pieces”.
•Works like a “lock and key”.

10. AN ENZYME REACTION:

12. WHEN DOES THE ACTUAL
REACTION OCCUR?
When the substrate
binds to the
enzyme…A.K.A.
THE ENZYME-
SUBSTRATE
COMPLEX

14. Naming
Enzymes
•Add -ase to the end
of the substrate
Substrate = maltose
Enzyme = maltase

15. •Glucase- acts on Glucose
•Lactase- acts on lactose
•Polymerase- acts on
polymers
More Examples:

16. Factors
Influencing
Enzyme
Action

17. Factors Affecting Enzyme
Action
•1) Amount and concentration of
enzyme/substrate
•2) Extreme Temperature
•3) pH – Too acidic or basic

18. Temperature
Enzyme
Activity
Temperature
Optimum Temperature
10203040

19. pH
Enzyme
Activity
pH
Optimum pH
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

20. Enzyme Concentration
Enzyme
Activity
Enzyme Concentration
Little A lot Tons

21. Ninja
-
Enzyme
Bad
Guys
-Substrate
Oh No!
I’m out
numbered

22. Now, We’re in
trouble! There
are more
Ninjas

23. Substrate Concentration
Enzyme
Activity
Substrate Concentration
Little A lot Tons

24. Denaturation- an enzyme shape is
changed and can no longer do its
job.

25. Enzyme Haiku
Enzymes do cool stuff
They increase reaction rates
Without them, we’d die