Epidemiology of Food and Water Borne Disease in the Philippines.pptx

Epidemiology of Food and Water Borne Disease

1. Food and Waterborne Disease Program

2. Food and Waterborne Diseases (FWBD) - refer to the limited group of illnesses characterized by: D iarrhea Nausea V omiting with or without fever A bdominal pain H eadache and/or body malaise - spread or acquired through the ingestion of food or water contaminated by disease-causing microorganisms (bacterial or its toxins, parasitic, viral).

3. Food and Waterborne Disease Prevention and Control Program VISION Zero Mortality from FWBDs MISSION To reduce morbidity and mortality due to FWBDs OBJECTIVES To guarantee universal access to quality FWBD-PCP intervention and services at all stages of the life To guarantee financial risk protection of clients availing diagnosis, management and treatment for FWBDs To guarantee a responsive service delivery network for the prevention and control of FWBDs

4. Epidemiology FWBDs are usually manifested as diarrhea. Based on the 2015 Global Health Observatory (GHO) data, diarrhea accounts for 9% of the total deaths among children below 5 years old.

5. Burden of Waterborne Disease 1.8 million deaths (4 million cases) in 2004 due to gastroenteritis (WHO) 88% due to unsafe water and poor sanitation Prüss-Üstün et al., 2008

6. Burden of Waterborne Disease Prüss-Üstün et al., 2008

7. Diarrheal Disease Pathways Prüss-Üstün et al., 2008

8. How Climate Can Influence Water and Foodborne Disease Trends Local temperature Replication in the environment or associated with food products Local rainfall Loading into the environment (contamination) Increased concentration of contaminants (drought)

9. How Climate Can Influence Water and Foodborne Disease Trends Sea level rise Influx of marine pathogens Flooding (storm surge), contamination, loss of infrastructure Range expansion among zoonotic agents and their hosts

10. Flooding Risk factors Direct contact with contaminated water Skin Respiratory Ear and eye infections Ingestion of contaminated water (wells, etc.) Gastroenteritis Insufficient water treatment (i.e., problem at the tap) Additional secondary spread

11. Cholera: South Asia Yearly epidemics correspond to natural environmental cycles and contamination Influx of estuarine water Plankton blooms Monsoons Warm temperatures

12. Waterborne Disease Climate projections for increased warming & increased extreme events: waterborne diseases may increase Mitigation and adaptation will be enhanced by understanding the ecology of pathogens: a. What underlying factors provide the link to climate? b. How do changing landscapes affect disease incidence under changing climate conditions?