Epidemiology of Mumps.pptx......................

a contagious and infectious viral disease causing swelling of the parotid salivary glands in the face, and a risk of sterility in adult males.

1. Epidemiology of Mumps Prepared By Krupa Mathew.M , Assistant Professor

2. introduction Mumps is a viral infection of humans that primarily affects the salivary glands. The name originates from the British word “to mump” that is grimace or grin. The appearance of the patient as a result of swollen parotid gland seems to be in grin.

3. agent FACTORS Agent: The causative agent is myxo virus parotiditis , a RNA virus of the myxovirus family. Source of infection: Both the clinical and subclinical cases. The virus is found in saliva, blood, human milk, and urine. Occasionally found in cerebrospinal fluid. (CSF ) Secondary attack rate: Secondary attack rate accounts for 86 % Period of communicability: usually 4-6 days before the onset of symptoms and week or more thereafter. Once the parotid gland swelling subsided, the case is no longer infectious

4. Host factors Common among children between the age of 5-15 years Diseases tends to be more severe in adults Single attack gives life long immunity Infants below 6 months are immune due to maternal bodies

5. Environmental factors Mumps is endemic. Peak incidence occurs during winter and spring Overcrowding facilitates epidemics.

6. Agent – myxovirus parotiditis Environment – winter, spring, overcrowding Host - age 5 – 15 years Epidemiological triad

7. Mode of transmission Humans are the only known natural host for mumps virus, which is spread through direct contact or by airborne droplets from the upper respiratory tract of infected individuals.

8. Incubation period Varies from 2-3 weeks usually 18 days

9. Clinical features Fever and headache Pain and swelling in either one or both parotid gland Earache in the affected side Pain and stiffness while opening mouth Mumps may also affect the pancreas, testes, CNS, ovaries, prostate etc

10. complications Orchitis - inflammation of one or both testicles Epididymitis - is an inflammation of the epididymis Oophritis - Oophoritis is an inflammation of the ovaries Spontaneous abortion Sensori neural hearing loss ( uni or bilateral) Encepahalitis - inflammation of the brain Myocarditis - Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle (myocardium) Polyarthritis

11. PREVENTION – vaccination Highly effective live attenuated vaccine is now available . The commonly vaccine is the JERYL-LYNN, RIT 4385, LENINGRAD-3, L-ZAGARB and URABE strains A single dose of ( 0.5ml)intramuscularly to the children over the age of 1 year produces detectable antibodies in 95% of vaccines . MMR vaccine is administered as a trivalent vaccine for children (on completing 9 month ) In some countries the second dose is given at the age of 4- 6 yrs Pregnant women, patients on immunosuppressive therapy should not be given mumps vaccine

12. Control

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