Erg ppt 1.pptx abcd edgh ujklmnopqrstuvh

Erg

1. COMBUSTION-IMPROVED CHULHA-SINGLE POT-DOUBLE POT-CONVENTIONAL CHULHA-BIOMASS GAS STOVE-CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES-PRINCIPLE AND APPLICATION

2. COMBUSTION OF FUELS: Fuel is a combustible substance burns in presence of air/oxygen and generates heat Can be utilized for domestic and industrial purposes Elements present in fuel :C,H,N,O,S Principally classified based on the reaction tempature availability of oxygen residence time type of product

3. Combustion of organic materials generate heat,carbon dioxide and water and also produce carbonceous residues,smoke and tar and obnoxious gases of carbonyl derivatives,unsaturated compounds and carbon monoxide

4. PRINCPLES OF COMBUSTION Under certain conditions,carbon may also combines with oxygen to form CO,which results in the release of a smaller quantity of heat Carbon burned to CO2 will produce more heat per unit of fuel than when CO or smoke is prduced Each kilogram of CO formed means a loss of 5654 kcal of heat (8084-2430)

5. DIRECT COMBUSTION: Direct combustion is a process that involves burning biomass or organic matter in the presence of excess air or in open air to generate heat and power.

6. 3T’S OF COMBUSTION Temperature high enough to ignite and maintain ignition of the fuel Turbulences or intimate mixing of the fuel and oxygen and Time sufficient or complete combustion Too much with the available combustion air may result in unburned fuel and CO generation A very specific amount of O 2 is needed for perfect combustion and excess air is required for ensuring complete combustion

7. STOICHIOMETRIC CALCULATION OF AIR REQUIREMENT EXCESS AIR This extra air called “EXCESS AIR” is expressed as the percent air above the amount theoretically needed for complete combustion In real world combustion ,the excesss air requried for gaseous fuels is typically about 15%

8. COMBUSTION EFFICIENCY Combustion efficiency is a measure of how effectively energy from the fuel is converted into useful energy Combustion efficiency is determined by subtracting the heat content of the exhaust gases, expressed as a % of the fuel’s heating value,from the total fuel-heat potential,or 100%

9. IMPROVED CHULHAS: Improved chulhas ,or traditional cookstoves,are designed to enhance efficiency and reduce the negative health and environmental impacts associated with conventional biomass stove. FEATURES OF IMPROVED CHULHAS: Reduced emission. Affordability. BENEFITS: Health improvements . Environmental impact. Economic savings.

10. CONVENTIONAL STOVES: Conventional stoves waste a lot of energy and pose many pollution hazards Utilize only 2-10 percent of the energy generated by the fuel . Black smoke emission consists of particles of size up to 5nm, co,CO2,oxides of nitrogen,and sulphur,hydrocarbons,aldehydes,ketones More time consuming. Causes headache,watery eyes,common cold and sneezing.

11. BIOMASS GAS STOVE: Developed for small scale thermal applications in agriculture and allied industries Widens the market for agro wastes. Consisting of cylindrical body made of clay,sand and paddy huskwith it's top open and bottom closed . Diameters and height are 290mm and 630 mm respectively An iron grate is fixed in 50mm from base. Bottom with air opening cum ash removal door.

12. EFFICIENCY OF BIOMASS GAS STOVE: Thermal efficiency is about 12-15 percent and the temperature of flame obtained by direct combustion in the range of 400-500C . Biomass gas stove ,the efficiency is 25 percent . The saving in fuel and time over the conventional wood stoves are 10 percent and 40percent respectively.

13. APPLICATIONS OF BIOMASS GAS STOVE: Biomass gas stove can be used for thermal applications are Farm households Tea shops. Jaggery manufacturing. Small scale paraboiling. Arecanut boiling Othe agro- industrial applications.