Ergonomics .ppt for construction site use

training ppt for ergonomics

1. 96 Hours Training– Mumbai
Metro Line 5
Project: AFCONS INFRA
1

2. AFCONS SAFETY PLEDGEAFCONS SAFETY PLEDGE
SAFETY PLEDGE
I solemnly affirm that I will do everything
possible for the prevention of accidents ,
occupational diseases and protection of
the environment in the interest of self, my
family, my community, my organisation
and the nation at large
2

3. MMRC OHS&E Policy Statement of MMRC OHS&E Policy Statement of
IntentIntent
Mumbai Metro Rail Corporation consider that health, safety
and environmental is of equal importance in comparison to
any other aspect of business management and as
such is committed to promoting high standards of safety,
health, environment and welfare on all of their sites and
premises. To achieve this Mumbai Metro Rail Corporation
shall:
 Constantly work towards improving the safety culture at all
levels.
 Ensure compliance with all relevant legal duties in respect
of health and safety at work legislation.
 Provide adequate resources for planning and controlling
working conditions and safe systems of work.
 Work with our Contractors and suppliers to improve their
safety performance, by Measuring and monitoring their
performance.

4. MMRC Line – 5 MMRC Line – 5
Employer Requirement on safetyEmployer Requirement on safety
 General Introduction
 It is the objective of MMRC to ensure that the contract is
completed on Time,
 Within budget and to confirming standards of Health And Safety.
 Each contractor shall develop his own contract specific Site
Safety Plan, which will represent his approach to the management
of safety on his work, sites under the contractor with MMRC.
 The contractor is fully responsible for the safety of he works. His
personnel, sub-contractor personnel, the public and all persons
directly or indirectly associated with the works or on or in the
vicinity of sites.
Policy objective.
 1) Every contract should aim at zero fatal accidents.
2) Every contract should aim at zero dangerous occurrence
3) Every contract should aim at an accident frequency rate (AFR)
of less than 0.5 per 1000,000 hours worked in contract.

5. SHE management system SHE management system
requirementsrequirements
General requirement
The Contractor shall define and document the scope of
its Occupational Safety Health and Environmental
(OHS&E) management system to meet legal
requirements and the requirements of Mumbai Metro
Rail Corporation as stated within this document.
 The Contractor’s OHS&E management system shall
determine how the organisation shall document,
implement, maintain and continually improve upon
performance in accordance with the requirements of the
International OHSAS Standard to which the Employer is
committed.

6. Responsibilities and performance
requirements for Safety, Health
and the Environment are
summarised as follows
All Contractors, employees, sub-Contractors, consultants, suppliers
and visitors have a duty to play an active role in achieving our
objectives through compliance with their legal obligations and this
Safety Policy.
 Participation and consultation are vital aspects of this Policy and
to the achievement of our objectives. Contractors and Staff are
encouraged and expected to :
Discuss safety, health and welfare matters with their managers,
and company Safety, Health & Environmental Representatives who
will offer or obtain further expert advice, where necessary.
Co-operate at all times; contribute good ideas and improvements;
report defects and short falls.

7. Occupational safety and health Occupational safety and health
ObjectiveObjective
Consistent with the OSH policy and based on the initial or
subsequent reviews, measurable OSH objectives should
be established, which are:
(a) specific to the organization, and appropriate to and
according to its size and nature of activity.
(b) consistent with the relevant and applicable national
laws and regulations, and the technical and business
obligations of the organization with regard to OSH.
(c) focused towards continually improving workers’ OSH
protection to achieve the best OSH performance.
(d) realistic and achievable.
(e) documented, and communicated to all relevant
functions and levels of the organization.
(f) periodically evaluated and if necessary updated.

8. Legal and other requirementLegal and other requirement
Motor vehicles act, 1948,
 Motor vehicle Act as amended in 1994, The central motor
vehicle Rules, 1989.
 Indian road congress Code IRC:SP:55-2001 ‘Guidelines on
safety in road construction zones.
 The petroleum Act, 1934 and Rules 1976
Indian electricity act 2003 and rules 1956
 National building code, 2005
Factories act 1948
Gas cylinder Rules, 2003
Indian Explosive Act. 1884, Along with the explosives
substance Act 1908 and the explosive Rules 1983
 The ( Indian) Boilers Act, 1923
The public Liability insurance Act 1991 and Rules 1991
Minimum Wages Act, 1948 and Rules 1950
Contract Labor Act, 1970 and Rules 1971

9. Legal and other requirementLegal and other requirement
Air ( Prevention And Control of Pollution) Act 1981
 Water ( Prevention and Controls of Pollution) Act, 1974
 The Noise Pollution ( Regulation & Control ) Rules, 2000
 Notification on Control of Noise from Diesel Generator (DG) sets,
2002
 Recycled Plastic usage Rules 1998
Child Labor ( Prohibitions and Regulations ) Act, 1986 and Rules
1950
 Environment Protection Act, 1986 And Rules 1986
Notification, Central ground Water Board, Act January 1997
 Manufacture, Storage & Import of hazardous Chemicals Rules,
1989
 The Hazardous Waste ( Management & Handling ) Rules, 1989
 Batteries ( Management And Handling) Rules
 Fly Ash utilization notification, Sept 1999 as amended I August
2003
 Workmen Compensation Act, 1923 along allied Rules.

10. Reference Reference
BS OHSAS 18001:2007, Occupational health and safety
management systems Requirements
BS OHSAS 18002, Occupational health and safety
management systems – Guidelines for the implementation
of BS OHSAS 18001
International Labour Organization: 2001, Guidelines on
occupational health and safety management systems —
ILO-OSH 2001
Health & Safety Guidance (HSG) Health and Safety
Executive publications United Kingdom

12. Ergonomics
◦Greek derivation
•Ergo (work)
•Nomos (law)
◦Interfacing man, machine and environment to
optimize safety, productivity, and comfort
“Fitting the task to the human”

13. Why Ergonomics importantWhy Ergonomics important
Makes the job safer by preventing injury and
illness
Makes the job easier by adjusting the job to the
worker
Makes the job more pleasant by reducing physical
and mental stress
Saves money

14. WORKPLACE PROBLEM AND LOSSES
Increased discomfort, pain, injury, or illness
Lost or restricted work time
Short- or long-term disability
Increased absenteeism
Greater turnover
Low morale
Decreased productivity and/or quality

15. MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
Bones - Provide structure, support, and
protection
Muscles - Expand and contract to move
bones
Tendons - Connect muscle to bone
Ligaments - Connect bone to bone

16. MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
Cartilage - Provides cushioning and
lubrication
Bursa - Fluid-filled sac that lubricates and
cushions between points of friction
Vertebrae – bones that make up the
spine
Discs – shock absorbers for the spine

17. MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERSMUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS
Damage or weakening of the
musculoskeletal system
MSDs occur as an acute trauma or
a cumulative trauma
Most common occupational
problems include back strain and
tendon disorders

18. TYPES OF BACK INJURIES
Ligament sprains
Muscle or tendon strains
Lumbar strain/sprain
Low back pain
Disc disorders

19. Manual LiftingManual Lifting

20. Method of Handling materials - Method of Handling materials -
generalgeneral
Manual Handling
Don’t forget the 4 most common
causes of back injury
Bending
Reaching
Twisting
Heavy Lifting

22. Discomfort or pain
Numbness or tingling
Redness
Fullness, tightness, or swelling
Limited range of motion
Weakness (trouble holding objects)
Early reporting of symptoms and early treatment may resolve problems
without lost work time, restricted activity, or surgery.
Signs and Symptoms of MSDs

23. Conservative TreatmentConservative Treatment
Anti-inflammatory medication (Ibuprofen)
Rest affected body part
Ice
Heat
Work accommodations
Physical therapy

24. Ergonomic StressorsErgonomic Stressors
Personal stressors
Force
Posture
Movement
◦ Repetitive
◦ Static
Environmental

25. Personal StressorsPersonal Stressors
Gender
Age
Smoking
Strength
Flexibility
Obesity
Diabetes
Lack of fitness
Body size and shape
Alcoholism
Recreational activities
Insufficient sleep or recovery
Prior episode

26. ForceForce
Forces
◦Lifting
◦Lowering
◦Pushing
◦Pulling
◦Contact force
Force is affected by:
◦Object weight
◦Friction (pushing and pulling)
◦Tool shape and size

27. PosturePosture
Neutral postures
◦Strongest mechanical advantage
Awkward postures
◦More prone to injury
Posture is affected by:
◦Object shape and size
◦Object placement and location
◦Placement of workstation/equipment
◦Tool shape

28. Posture Posture
Neutral postures
◦Standing with back straight
◦Sitting up straight
◦Arms to the side
◦Shoulders relaxed
◦Elbows in 90-degree bend
◦Wrists straight (“handshake” position)
◦Head facing straight forward

29. PosturePosture
Proper lifting technique
◦Plan the lift and path
◦Check the weight of the load
◦Keep the load close to your body
◦Face the load, do not twist
◦Bend using your knees, not your back
◦Lift with your legs, not your back

30. MovementMovement
Repetitive motions
◦Frequent and rapid muscular contractions
◦Limited recovery time
Static postures
◦Holding one position for long periods of time
◦Reduces blood flow
Movement is affected by:
◦Work pace
◦Task variety

31. Environmental StressorsEnvironmental Stressors
Vibration
◦Can damage small blood vessels and nerves
Temperature
◦Physiological effects
◦Heat
◦Cold

32. Controlling StressorsControlling Stressors
Hierarchy of Controls
◦Engineering controls
•Eliminate hazard
•Physically change workstation
•Add equipment and tools
•Redesign products
◦Administrative controls
•Procedures to limit exposures to hazards
•Work rules and techniques
◦Personal protective equipment
•Are back belts and wrist braces PPE?

33. Controlling StressorsControlling Stressors
Principles to consider when designing controls
Reduce force
Minimize weight that the employee must lift
Reduce friction when pushing/pulling

34. Controlling StressorsControlling Stressors
◦Improve posture
Reduce reach distances
Choose appropriate tools
◦Vary motion
Avoid long-term static postures
◦Add variety to tasks
Avoid repetitive motions
◦Consider job rotation

35. Preferred work zonesPreferred work zones

36. WORKSTATION DESIGN
Reposition the work height

37. Workstation DesignWorkstation Design
Store heavier items within close reach

38. WORKSTATION DESIGNWORKSTATION DESIGN
Anti-fatigue mats

39. Computer workstation and adjustable Computer workstation and adjustable
chairchair
•Top of monitor at or just below eye
level
•Head and neck balanced
•Shoulders relaxed
•Elbows close to body and supported
•Lower back supported
•Wrists and hands in-line with
forearms
•Adequate room for keyboard and
mouse
•Feet flat on the floor

40. Team workTeam work

41. HandtoolsHandtools
Use power tools

42. Use power grip rather than pinch

43. Choose appropriate tool design

44. Administrative ControlsAdministrative Controls
Job rotation
Work planning

45. Ergonomics Program ElementsErgonomics Program Elements
Management commitment
Employee involvement
Training
Workplace analysis
Prevention and control measures
Medical management
Program evaluation

46. What is Ergonomics?What is Ergonomics?
ERGO = “work” NOMICS = “rules” or
“laws
Ergonomics literally means “the laws
of work”
Ergonomics is a field of study dealing
with the comfort and safety of the
human body by adjusting tools, work
stations and work processes to fit the
worker.

47. WHERE WE ARE GOING TOWHERE WE ARE GOING TO

48. THE REALITYTHE REALITY

49. LIFTING LIFTING

50. WHICH ONE IS GOODWHICH ONE IS GOOD

51. STRETCHING EXCERCISESTRETCHING EXCERCISE

52. Exercise Breaks for OfficesExercise Breaks for Offices