Erysipelas_Etiology_and_Epidemiology_Presentation.pptx

Erysipelas_Etiology_and_Epidemiology_

1. Erysipelas: Etiology and Epidemiology MITTAL PULKIT IM-565 Ivan Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University

2. Introduction to Erysipelas • Erysipelas is an acute bacterial skin infection. • Commonly affects the upper dermis and superficial lymphatics. • Often presents as a raised, red, inflamed area of skin.

3. Etiology (Causes of Erysipelas) • Caused primarily by Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus). • Entry through cuts, abrasions, or other skin breaks. • Predisposing factors: compromised immune system, skin conditions.

4. Pathophysiology • Bacteria enter through skin breaks. • Spreads via superficial lymphatic vessels. • Inflammation and immune response cause red, swollen areas.

5. Risk Factors • Elderly or very young individuals. • Pre-existing conditions like lymphedema, diabetes, or skin ulcers. • Immunocompromised patients.

6. Common Sites of Infection • Face and legs are the most common sites. • Can also affect arms and other parts of the body.

7. Clinical Presentation • Sudden onset of fever, chills, and fatigue. • Bright red, swollen, painful skin lesion with well-defined edges. • Often accompanied by swelling and warmth.

8. Diagnosis • Clinical diagnosis based on appearance. • Blood tests may show elevated white cell count. • Bacterial cultures can confirm infection.

9. Treatment • Antibiotics: Penicillin is the treatment of choice. • Supportive care: Rest, elevation of the affected limb. • Prompt treatment usually leads to full recovery.

10. Complications • Recurrence of erysipelas. • Abscess formation or cellulitis. • Long-term swelling or lymphedema.

11. Epidemiology: Global Prevalence • Erysipelas occurs worldwide, but rates vary by region. • Most common in temperate climates. • Higher incidence in older adults and immunocompromised individuals.

12. Epidemiology: Incidence and Risk Factors • More common in the elderly, particularly those with co-morbidities. • Higher incidence in people with obesity and skin conditions.

13. Prevention • Proper skin hygiene and wound care. • Treat underlying conditions like diabetes and lymphedema. • Early treatment of skin infections to prevent spread.