Literature Review On Metacognition
2. Literature review
2.1. Metacognition Generally Metacognition is defined as how individual monitor and control their
cognitive process (Young Fry, 2008). Metacognition refers to being able to reflect upon, understand,
and control one s learning. Previous accounts of metacognition have differentiated between two
major components, including knowledge about cog¬nition and regulation of cognition (Brown,
1987; Flavell, 1987; Jacobs Paris, 1987). Knowledge about cognition includes three sub processes
that simplify the reflective aspect of metacognition: declarative knowledge (i.e., knowledge about
self and about strategies), procedural knowledge (i.e., knowledge about how to use strategies), and
conditional knowledge (i.e., knowledge ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the area of general education, research has been found that intelligence is a strong predictor of
learning (Chamorro Premuzic, 2007; Primi, Ferrao, Almeida, 2010). According to Flavell (1979,
1987), metacognition involves metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive experiences or
regulation of cognition. Also Metacognition has been recognized as a strong predictor of learning
(Coutinho, 2007; Dunning, Johnson, Ehrlinger, Kruger, 2003; Flavell, 1976, 1979; Kruger
Dunning, 1999; Veenman Elshout, 1995). The pupose of this research is to give information about
relationships between intelligence, metacognition, and learning but first of all the examination of
the predictive power of intelligence and metacognition in L2 learning gets priority in this study.
Then, estimated the distinctive contribution of metacognition and intelligence beyond and above
each other. Although some studies have done such these examination ,such as; language learning
and intelligence (Ekstrand, 1977; Genesee, 1976), and language learning and metacognition (Green
Oxford, 1995; Oxford Burry Stock, 1995), but no study has examined the concurrent relationship of
these two variables as language learning s predictors. In This study the examination of the role of
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