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1. INSPIRO SAAD CLASSES CLASS NUMBER #001 PRELIMS 24-02-2024 Sky is the limit 1

2. Commerce (Subject Code –J) Paper — I : Accounting and Finance Part — I : Accounting, Auditing and Taxation : Part — 11 : Business, Finance and Financial Institutions : Paper — II : Organization Theory and Industrial Relations Part — I : Organization Theory Part — II : Industrial Relations 24-02-2024 Dr.RAVISHA N.S - 9538551025 2

3. Management (Subject Code 14) PAPER 01 Organisational Behaviour & Management Concepts Organisational Design Economic Environment Quantitative Methods 24-02-2024 Dr.RAVISHA N.S - 9538551025 3

4. Paper — II Section — I Marketing Management Section — II Production and Materials Management Section — Ill Financial Management Section — IV Human Resource Management 24-02-2024 Dr.RAVISHA N.S - 9538551025 4

5. Part — I : Accounting, Auditing and Taxation Accounting as a financial information System — Impact of behavioural sciences — Methods of accounting of changing price levels with particular reference to current purchasing power (CPP), accounting — Advanced problems of Company Accounts — Amalgamation absorption and reconstruction of companies — Accounting of holding Companies —Valuation of shares and goodwill, Controllership functions-Property control, legal and management. 24-02-2024 Dr.RAVISHA N.S - 9538551025 5

6. Taxation Important provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961, Definition-Change of Income Tax Exemption, Depreciation and Investment allowance, Simple problems on computation of Income under the various heads and determination of assessable income, income tax Authorities . 24-02-2024 Dr.RAVISHA N.S - 9538551025 6

7. COST ACCONUTING Nature and functions of Cost-Accounting-cost classification-Techniques of segregating semivariabie costs into fixed and variable components — Job costing — FIFO and weighted average methods of calculating equivalent units of production — Reconciliation of cost and financial accounts-marginal costing — Cost — Volume — profit relationship , Algebric formula and graphical representation, shutdown point- Techniques of cost control and cost reduction — budgetary control-flexible budgets-Standard costing and variable analysis- Responsibility accounting-bases of charging overheads and their inherent fallacy-Costing for pricing decision. 24-02-2024 Dr.RAVISHA N.S - 9538551025 7

8. AUDIT Significance of the asset function-programming the audit work-valuation and verification of assets; fixed, wasting and current assets, Verification of liabilities-Audit of limited companies-appointment status, powers, duties and liabilities of the auditor Auditor's report-Audit of share capital and transfer of shares, Special points in the audit of banking and insurance companies . 24-02-2024 Dr.RAVISHA N.S - 9538551025 8

9. Part — 11 : Business, Finance and Financial Institutions Business Finance Financial Institutions 24-02-2024 Dr.RAVISHA N.S - 9538551025 9

10. FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT Concept and Scope of Financial Management-Financial goals of corporations-Capital budgeting , Rules of the thumb and Discount, cash flow approaches- Incorporating uncertainty in investment decisions-Designing an optional capital structure-Weighted average cost of capital and the controversy surrounding the Modigliani and Miller model, Sources of raising short-term, Intermediate and long term finance Role of public and conveyable debentures-Norms and Guidelines regarding debt-equity ratios-determinants of an optima dividend policy-optimising models of James Walter and John Lintner 24-02-2024 Dr.RAVISHA N.S - 9538551025 10

11. FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT Forms of dividend payment — Structure of working capital and the variable affecting the level of difference of components — Cash flow approach of forecasting working capital needs-profiles of working capital in Indian Industries- Credit Management and credit policy-consideration of tax in relation to financial planning and cash flow statements. 24-02-2024 Dr.RAVISHA N.S - 9538551025 11

12. FINANCIAL MARKETS Organisation and deficiencies of Indian Money Market Structure of assets and liabilities of commercial banks-Achievements and failures of nationalized Regional Rural Banks- Recommendations of the Tandon (P.L.) study group on following of bank credit, 1976 and their revision by the chore (K>B) Committee, 1979-An Assessment of the monetary and credit policies of the Reserve bank of India-Constituents of the Indian Capital Market-Functions and working of All India term financial institutions (IDBI, IFCI, ICICI and IRCI)- Investment policies of the Life Insurance Corporation of India and the Unit Trust of India-Present state of stock exchange and their regulation . 24-02-2024 Dr.RAVISHA N.S - 9538551025 12

13. Section — Ill Financial Management General tools of Financial Analysis Ratio Analysis, funds flow analysis, cost-volume profit analysis, cash budgeting, financial and operating leverage. Investment Decision : Steps in capital expenditure management, criteria for investment appraisal, cost of capital and its application in public and private sectors. Risk analysis in investment decision , organizational evaluation of capital expenditure management with special reference to India. Financing Decision : Estimating the firms of financial requirements, financial structure determinations, capital markets, institutional mechanism for funds, with special references to India, security analysis, leasing and sub-contracting. 24-02-2024 Dr.RAVISHA N.S - 9538551025 13

14. Section — Ill Financial Management Working Capital management : Determining the size of working capital, managing the managerial attitude towards risk in working capital, management of cash, inventory and accounts receivables, effects of inflation on working capital management. Income Determination and Distribution : Internal financing, determination of dividend policy, implication of inflationary tendencies in determining the dividend policy, valuation and dividend policy. Financial management in Public Sector with special ref ernce to India. Performance budgeting and principles of financial accounting. Systems of management control . 24-02-2024 Dr.RAVISHA N.S - 9538551025 14

15. LAW AND PRACTICE OF BANKING Provision of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881. Crossings and endorsements with particular reference to statutory protection to the paying and collecting bankers-Salient provision of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 with regard to chartering, supervision and regulation of banks . 24-02-2024 Dr.RAVISHA N.S - 9538551025 15

16. Part — I : Accounting, Auditing and Taxation Accounting as a financial information System — Impact of behavioural sciences — Methods of accounting of changing price levels with particular reference to current purchasing power (CPP), accounting — Advanced problems of Company Accounts — Amalgamation absorption and reconstruction of companies — Accounting of holding Companies —Valuation of shares and goodwill, Controllership functions-Property control, legal and management. 24-02-2024 Dr.RAVISHA N.S - 9538551025 16

17. PSP 01 :- Accounting as a financial information System Introduction to Accounting Definition of accounting Purpose of accounting in a business context Key objectives: recording, summarizing, and reporting financial transactions 24-02-2024 Dr.RAVISHA N.S - 9538551025 17

18. Components of a Financial Information System Overview of the components : Data input Data processing Data storage Information output 24-02-2024 Dr.RAVISHA N.S - 9538551025 18

19. Data Input in Accounting Sources of financial data :- Sales invoices Purchase invoices Bank statements Payroll records 24-02-2024 Dr.RAVISHA N.S - 9538551025 19

20. Data Processing Sorting and categorizing transactions Recording transactions in journals Posting transactions to ledgers 24-02-2024 Dr.RAVISHA N.S - 9538551025 20

21. Data Storage Different methods of data storage : Manual (paper-based) Electronic ( cloud-based, local servers) 24-02-2024 Dr.RAVISHA N.S - 9538551025 21

22. Information Output Types of financial statements :- Income statement Balance sheet Cash flow statement 24-02-2024 Dr.RAVISHA N.S - 9538551025 22

23. Role of Accounting in Decision Making Budgeting and forecasting Performance evaluation Investment decisions Compliance and regulatory requirements 24-02-2024 Dr.RAVISHA N.S - 9538551025 23

24. Challenges and Solutions Common challenges faced in accounting as a financial information system : Data accuracy and reliability Security risks Compliance with regulations 24-02-2024 Dr.RAVISHA N.S - 9538551025 24

25. How accounting acts as a source of information? 1.Journal 2.Ledger 3.Trial balance 4-.Profit and loss account 5 Balance Sheet . 6. Statements of financial analysis such as ratio analysis, cash flow statement, funds flow statement . 24-02-2024 Dr.RAVISHA N.S - 9538551025 25

26. QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF ACCOUTING INFORMATION RELIABILITY RELEVANCE UNDERSTANDABILITY COMPARABILITY 24-02-2024 Dr.RAVISHA N.S - 9538551025 26

27. LIMITATIONS OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION Accounting information is in terms of money it does not give information in quantity or size terms or in qualitative matters like usefulness or efficient Non-monetary events__ or transactions_ are completely ignored. Accounting information is expresses monetary terms and it is assumed that monetary unit is stable 5venime. This is not true at all with the result that ice impact of price level changes is not taken into consideration. The assets remain undervalued in many Cases especially land and building._ 24-02-2024 Dr.RAVISHA N.S - 9538551025 27

28. PSP 02 : - Impact of behavioural sciences Accounting is language of business. As such, it must meet information need of various user of accounts. To serve this purpose, modern accounting is not limited up to basic rules-Debit and Credit and Double entry system or tally of accounts. Rather, accounting has responded various behavioural demands. Various- social and behavioural sciences have affected accounting. 24-02-2024 Dr.RAVISHA N.S - 9538551025 28

29. Impact of behavioural sciences Modifying principles of accounting Human Resource Accounting Inflation Accounting Corporate Social Reporting Depreciation Accounting Tax Accounting Value Added Accounting Management Accounting Computerised Accounting 24-02-2024 Dr.RAVISHA N.S - 9538551025 29

30. Methods of accounting of changing price levels with particular reference to current purchasing power (CPP) Price level Accounting converts the values using index numbers from depreciated costs to current values. The main idea is to determine the price level when the changes in the economy trigger the neediness of the changing price level for the services and goods purchased by the business, individual, or other entity. 24-02-2024 Dr.RAVISHA N.S - 9538551025 30

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32. Methods Of Price Level Accounting 24-02-2024 Dr.RAVISHA N.S - 9538551025 32

33. CPP The current purchasing power technique or CPP of  price level accounting  make the companies keep the records and show the financial statements on a historical cost basis. But apart from this, the method needs the presentation of supplementary financial statements of items at the end of the accounting period in the current purchasing power of the money/currency. This method covers the adjustment of the various items in financial statements like profit and loss and balance sheet with the help of the general price index. However, the CPI(Consumer Price Index) and WPI(Wholesale Price Index) prepared by RBI can be chosen for the conversion of historical costs . 24-02-2024 Dr.RAVISHA N.S - 9538551025 33

34. Mechanisms Under The CPP Method: 1. Conversion technique 2. Mid- period conversion 3. Non- monetary and monetary accounts 4. Adjustment of cost of inventory and sales LIFO method FIFO method 5. Ascertainment of profits Net change method Conversion of income method 24-02-2024 Dr.RAVISHA N.S - 9538551025 34

35. What are accounting standards ? A list of rules, statements, guidelines, disclosures forms the accounting standards. It is listed by the overviewing accounting institutions to prepare consistent, uniform financial statements that list the mandatory disclosures in a common format AS 1- Accounting disclosure policies AS 2- Inventories Valuation 24-02-2024 Dr.RAVISHA N.S - 9538551025 35