Ethics associated with medical practices

Medical ethics

1. Medical ethics

2. What is Ethics? Ethics is a system of moral principles. They affect how people make decisions and lead their lives. Ethics is concerned with what is good for individuals and society and is also described as moral philosophy.

3. ETHICS ARE NOT … Ethics is not the same as feelings Ethics is not religion Ethics is not following the law Ethics is not following culturally accepted norms Ethics is not science

4. Ethics Dilemmas Ethics covers the following dilemmas: How to live a good life Our rights and responsibilities The language of right and wrong Moral decisions - what is good and bad?

5. What is Medical Ethics? Medical ethics is a system of moral principles that apply values and judgments to the practice of medicine.

6. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS respect for patient autonomy. N ot inflicting harm on patients. Positive duty to contribute to the welfare of patients . Justice or fair treatment of patients.

7. Autonomy Patient has freedom of thought, intention and action when making decisions regarding health care procedures For a patient to make a fully informed decision, she/he must understand all risks and benefits of the procedure and the likelihood of success.

8. Beneficence The practitioner should act in “the best interest” of the patient - t he procedure be provided with the intent of doing good to the patient

9. This needs health care provider to, - develop and maintain skills and knowledge by continually updating training - consider individual circumstances of all patients

10. Non maleficence “Above all, do no harm,“ – Make sure that the procedure does not harm the patient or others in society

11. Justice The distribution of scarce health resources, and the decision of who gets what treatment “fairness and equality” The burdens and benefits of new or experimental treatments must be distributed equally among all groups in society

12. Medical ethics Concerns issues related to practice of medicine Explores and promotes principles guiding conduct of health care professionals Involves the consideration of others in deciding how to act It is applied ethics. It consists of the same moral principles and rules that we would appeal to ,and argue for, in ordinary circumstances.

13. CLINICAL MEDICAL ETHICS Is a practical and applied discipline that aims to improve patient care and patient outcomes by focusing on reaching a right and good decision in individual cases. It focuses on the doctor-patient relationship and takes account of the ethical and legal issues that patients, doctors, and hospitals must address to reach good decisions for individual patients.

14. THE CONTENT OF CLINICAL ETHICS INCLUDES Truth-telling, Informed consent, End Of Life Care, Palliative Care, Allocation Of Clinical Resources,

15. THE CONTENT OF CLINICAL ETHICS INCLUDES 6. The Ethics Of Medical Research. 7. The study of the doctor-patient relationship, including such issues as 8. Honesty , 9. Competence , Integrity, 10. Respect For Persons.

16. Ethics and Morality, What are they? The terms ethics and morality are often used interchangeably - indeed, they usually can mean the same thing, and in casual conversation there isn't a problem with switching between one and the other. However, there is a distinction between them in philosophy!

17. Ethics and Morality What are they? Ethics and morals both relate to “right” and “wrong” conduct. However, ethics refer to the series of rules provided to an individual by an external source. e.g. their profession. On the other hand, morals refer to an individual’s own principles regarding right and wrong.

18. Comparison chart Ethics Social system – External Why we do it? Because society says it is the right thing to do. What if we don't do it? We may face peer/societal disapproval, or even be fired from our job. Moral Individual – internal Why we do it ? . Because we believe in something being right or wrong. What if we don't do it? Doing something against one's morals and principles can have different effects on different people, they may feel uncomfortable, remorse depressed etc.

19. COMPARISON CHART Ethics Acceptability Ethics are governed by professional and legal guidelines within a particular time and place Moral Acceptability Morality transcends cultural norms

20. Medical malpractice An act or omission by a health care provider that deviates from accepted standards of practice in the medical community which causes injury to the patient.

21. Physicians are obligated not prescribe medications they know to be harmful. Some interpret this value to exclude the practice of euthanasia Violation of non- maleficence is the subject of medical malpractice litigation