Ethics, morals, and values

Ethics, morals, and values

1. Assignment 1
Ethics, Morals, and Values

1.1 Ethics Definition:
Ethics is the formal study of Moral Standards (good and evil of an individual) and Conduct
(Action).
For this reason, the study of ethics is also often called "MORAL PHILOSOPHY ."
What is good? What is evil?
How should I behave - and why? How should I balance my needs against the needs of others?
These are some of the questions asked in the field of ethics, a branch of philosophy which has
some of the most immediate and obvious consequences for how we live our lives.
Some ethical principles are:
 Truthfulness
 Honesty
 Loyalty
 Respect
 Fairness
 Integrity
Example: Asif was a taxi driver in a city. One day a passenger left his briefcase in the car. Asif
noticed it only when he was going home for lunch. He did not know what to do. He thought of
opening it to see if the name and address of the owner was given. When he opened the briefcase
he was surprised to find many valuable documents and cash in it.
He found a card with a name and address of the owner on it. He drove straight to the owner’s
house and returned the briefcase. The owner was grateful and rewarded Asif for his honesty.
Ethics are how we actually behave in a difficult situation that tests our values.
1.2 Morals Definition:
Morals are the social, cultural and religious beliefs or values of an individual or group which
tells us what is right or wrong. They are the rules and standards made by the society or culture
which is to be followed by us while deciding what is right.
Some moral principles are:
 Do not cheat
 Be loyal
 Be patient
 Always tell the truth
 Be generous
Morals refer to the beliefs what is not objectively right, but what is considered right for any
situation, so it can be said that what is morally correct may not be objectively correct.

2. The major differences between Morals and Ethics are as under:
Moral Ethics
Morals deal with what is ‘right or wrong’. Ethics deals with what is ‘good or evil’.
Morals are general guidelines framed by the
society E.g. We should speak truth.
Conversely, Morals are dictated by society,
culture or religion while Ethics are chosen by
the person himself who governs his life.
Ethics are a response to a particular situation,
E.g. Is it ethical to state the truth in a
particular situation?

Ref: http://keydifferences.com/difference-between-morals-and ethics.html#ixzz4bNqaJUhj

3. Summary
Topic 1 : VALUES
1.3 Values
VALUES are life-style priorities - i.e. knowing a person’s values gives a reasonable idea of what
type of life-style the person is leading/or wants to lead.
Two examples illustrate this:
1. A person whose highest priority values are ACHIEVEMENT/SUCCESS,
WORK/CONFIDENCE, ADMINISTRATION MANAGEMENT, INSTITUTION and
LOYALTY is likely to be/or wants to be a loyal member of an organisation where her/his life
revolves around becoming competent in the skills necessary to become successful in that
organisation. The person puts much energy into organising her/his life to maximise the chances
of success.
2. A person whose highest priority values are FAMILY/BELONGING, CARE/NURTURE,
BELONGING/LIKED, and PLAY is likely to devote most of her/his time to their family and/or
friends.
Knowing a person’s values gives you a general idea of the behaviours in which they will engage
(i.e. it “gives you the WHAT they want to ‘get into’”. It does not tell you specifically HOW they
are likely to live their life.
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Topic 2 : CODES OF BEHAVIOUR
STANDARDS OF BEHAVIOUR or CODES OF BEHAVIOUR such as ETHICS, MORALS,
etc. are concerned with how we live our values. For example, if we know a person’s ethical
stance we would know whether or not they would be likely to cheat in order to be successful (i.e.
their ethical stance impacts on how the person lives the value ACHIEVEMENT/SUCCESS).
Another example would be a person whose highest priority values are say NEW ORDER and
CORPORATE MISSION. This person could be a “Hitler” or a “Quaid e Azam” - their values
are the same but their ethical/moral stances are worlds apart. People who are concerned with
living their values according to ETHICAL and/or MORAL STANDARDS are said to be
PRINCIPLE driven.
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4. Topic 3 : RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN VALUES AND BEHAVIOUR
Where do principles come from? In the case of morals or appropriate behaviour in society, they
are generally derived from principles that are passed on to us through the teachings of a
particular culture or religion.
Example
The ABC School Student is taught principles (Golden Rules) such as: -
1. Love the neighbor,
2. Don’t hurt someone,
3. Don’t fight, etc.
The School Student is taught to work and study hard and not to cheat to be successful. In the case
of ethics, the principles from which they are derived generally come from the understanding of
learned people in the relevant behavioural field.
In days gone by, these learned children become elders. Today our “experts” are scientists,
educators, politicians, activists, etc. In all cases the experts rely on an enquiry of nature to
understand “the nature of things” - i.e. what will work and what won’t work, what will cause
problems and what won’t cause problems (long term or short term).

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