ethics-of-scientific-publication-an-introduction.ppt

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1. Ethics of Scientific Publication
Barbara Gastel, MD, MPH
[email protected]
VIMD 686, Spring 2012

2. Overview
•Ethics: some approaches and principles
•Scientific publication: ethical norms and
issues
•Some resources

3. Notes
•Let’s make this session interactive
•Some points in this session will be
discussed further by speakers later in this
course

4. Ethics: Some Approaches
•Deontological
•Teleological
•Other

5. Ethics: Some Principles
•Nonmaleficence: not doing harm
•Beneficence: doing good
•Autonomy: promotion of self-determination of
others
•Justice: fairness
•Universalizability: applicability in other such
circumstances
•Rationality: ability to give good reasons

6. A Distinction:
Ethics versus Etiquette
(in other words:
“crooks versus jerks”)

7. Scientific Publication:
Ethical Norms and Issues

8. Authenticity
(not fabrication)

9. Accuracy
•Providing complete data (not only those
supporting your hypothesis)
•Avoiding inappropriate manipulation of
images such as photographs
•Using appropriate statistical procedures

10. Originality
•Not republishing the same findings (except
under special circumstances, with the
original source cited)
•Not submitting the same manuscript to two
or more journals at once
•Not dividing one modest-sized research
project into many little papers (“salami
science”)

11. Credit
•Citing sources of information and ideas (also
aids credibility, helps in finding out more)
•Avoiding excessive use of others’ words
–Recording sources when copying items or
taking notes
–Placing in quotation marks, or indenting, items
used verbatim
–Perhaps drafting some items while not looking
at the source materials

12. Credit (continued)
•Observing copyright and obtaining needed
permissions
•Assigning authorship appropriately
–Avoiding guest authors and ghost authors
–If applicable, assigning contributorship
–Acknowledging sources of assistance

13. Ethical Treatment of Humans
and Animals
(and documentation thereof
in publications)

14. Disclosure of Conflicts of
Interest
•Financial
•Other

15. Some Areas Where Graduate Students
May Face Ethical Issues
•Authorship
•Choice of journals
•Collaboration in peer reviewing
•Other

16. Ethical Publication
•Not only avoiding bad practices
(fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, etc)
but also doing good
•Therefore, obligations
–To publish
–To present work in a way that is readily
understood

17. Some Resources

18. On Being a Scientist: Responsible Conduct
in Research, 3rd edition (2009)
•From the US National
Academies
•Largely for graduate
students
•Available at
http://www.nap.edu/c
atalog.php?record_id
=12192

•Video also posted

19. Other Resources
•CSE’s White Paper on Promoting Integrity in
Scientific Journal Publications, 2009 update
–From the Council of Science Editors
–Posted at
http://www.councilscienceeditors.org/i4a/page
s/index.cfm?pageid=3331

•How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper, 7th
edition, by Robert A. Day and Barbara Gastel

20. AuthorAID (www.authoraid.info)

21. Wishing you all the best!