Eukaryotic promoters

molecular biology

1. EUKARYOTIC PROMOTER Presented by: Manish Gaud. Department: Pharmaco-Informatics(PI-291) NIPER HAJIPUR. 1

2. Eukaryotic Promoters In   genetics: A promoter is a DNA sequence that can recruit transcriptional machinery and lead to transcription of the downstream DNA sequence.  Location: located near the transcription start sites of genes , on the same strand and upstream on the DNA (towards the 5' region of the sense strand). Size: Promoters can be about 100–1000 base pairs long . 2

3. Importance of promoter Promoter is a binding site for RNA polymerase . RNA polymerase bind only on promoter. It helps in transcription.   A promoter may include a binding site for a protein presence or absence of that protein will affect the strength of the promoter. Such a promoter is known as a regulated promoter. 3

4. Three kind of RNA polymerase can bind on promoter… RNA polymerase I RNA polymerase II RNA polymerase III 4

5. Types of promoters   1)Constitutive promoter :- These promoters are always active for gene expression and environment independent. 2)Tissue-specific :- These promoters direct the gene expression in a specific tissues or at certain stage of development. 5

6. Types of promoters 3)Synthetic promoter :- These promoters are made by primary element of a particular region from diverse origin . 4) Inducible promoter :- These promoters dependent upon the external stimuli & environmental factors for gene expression . 6

7. Method to determine promoter site . DNase footprint assay method: 7

8. Online promoter prediction tools There are many online tools available for predicting promoter .. For example, Promoter 2.0 prediction server.  Neural Network Promoter Prediction.   PROMOSER. Etc. 8

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10. Promoter 2.0 Prediction Results gi_186429_gb_J00265.1_HUMINS01 Human insulin gene, complete 4044 nucleotides Position Score likelihood 2300 1.118 Highly likely prediction 2900 0.620 Marginal prediction 3700 0.521 Marginal prediction 10

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