Europe-Physical-Map-2.pptx details about physcial features

Physical Map of Europe

1. EUROPE Physical Map

2. 6th largest continent Comprises westernmost part of Eurasia Located entirely in Northern Hemisphere & mostly in Eastern Hemisphere   Bounded by – N : Arctic Ocean  W : Atlantic Ocean  S : Mediterranean Sea & Black Sea E : Asia

3. Total Countries: 51 (including Cyprus and Armenia) Largest : Russia (39,72,400 km 2 ) 39% of the continent Smallest : Vatican City (.44 km 2 ) Highest population : Russia - 15% of Europe’s population Covers about 1,01,80,000 sq.km or 2% of the Earth's surface (6.8% of land area) Europe Continent

4. Peninsulas of Europe

5. 6 major Peninsulas in Europe: Northern Peninsulas : Scandinavian and Jutland Peninsula Southern Peninsulas : Iberian Peninsula, Italian Peninsula, Balkan Peninsula and Crimean Peninsula EUROPE - Peninsula of Peninsulas

6. SCANDINAVIAN PENINSULA Norway Sweden

7. JUTLAND PENINSULA Denmark Northern portion of Germany

8. IBERIAN PENINSULA Portugal Spain Andorra

9. ITALIAN PENINSULA Italy San Marino The Vatican City

10. BALKAN PENINSULA Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Greece Macedonia Moldova Montenegro Romania Serbia Kosovo Slovenia Turkey

11. Sovereignty over the peninsula is currently disputed between Ukraine and the Russian Federation. CRIMEAN PENINSULA

12. PHYSICAL DIVISIONS

13. Western Uplands/Northern Highlands North European Plains/ Northern Lowlands Central Uplands Southern Alpine Region 4 main Landforms:

14. Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, and Denmark), Finland, Iceland, Scotland, Ireland, the Brittany region of France, Spain, and Portugal. Defined by hard, ancient rock shaped by glaciations. Abundant marshlands, lakes, and fjords (fjords in Iceland & Scandinavia). Western Uplands/ Northern Highlands

15. Extends from southern UK to Russia. Includes parts of France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Poland, the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), Belarus. Most lies below 152 meters (500 feet) in elevation - home to many navigable rivers -Rhine, Weser, Elbe, Oder and Vistula. North European Plains

16. Extend east-west across central Europe and include western France and Belgium, southern Germany, the Czech Republic, and parts of northern Switzerland and Austria. Lower in altitude and less rugged than the Alpine region; heavily wooded The Central Uplands Mainly two rivers drain the region: Rhine & Rhone

17. Include ranges in the Italian and Balkan peninsulas, northern Spain, and southern France. The region includes the mountains of the Alps, Pyrenees, Apennines, Dinaric Alps, Balkans, and Carpathians  Southern Alpine Mountains System High elevations, rugged plateaus, and steeply sloping land define the region The Alpine region also includes active volcanoes, such as Mount Etna and Mount Vesuvius in Italy

18. The Alps Highest in Europe Stretching approximately 1,200 km across eight countries: Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Slovenia, and Switzerland. Cuts Italy off from the rest of Europe. Mont Blanc (4807 m) is the highest peak.

19. Pyrenees It extends for about 500 km. Aneto is the highest peak (11,168 ft)  Andorra is a tiny sovereign state in the heart of the chain It forms a natural border between France and Spain Separates the Iberian Peninsula from rest of Europe

20. Parallel smaller chains Extending 1,200 km. They divide the Italian peninsula between east and west. Corno Grande - highest point (2,912 m) Apennine Mountains

21. The Balkan Mountains Stretch from east of Serbia to the Black Sea at the east of Bulgaria. They extend for about 530 km. Highest peak is Mt. Olympus (2918 m )

22. Mountain system in Eurasia between Black Sea and Caspian Sea They form a natural barrier between Europe and Asia to the south. Europe's highest mountain, Mount Elbrus, 5642 m Other Mountain ranges: Caucasus Mountains

23. Forms part of the conventional boundary between the continents of Europe and Asia. Ural Mountains They extend about 2,500 km and cover Russia and Kazakhstan. Mount Narodnaya (1,895 m ) is the highest point

24. ISLANDS The larger islands: Great Britain, Ireland,  Iceland, Greenland, (all located in the North Atlantic) Smaller Mediterranean Sea islands: Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Belearic Mt. Etna - Europe’s largest active volcano located on Sicily

25. SEAS of Europe

26. MAJOR SEAS bordering EUROPE - North White Sea

27. English Channel- separates France and Great Britain - South Hampton (Britain) is main port. Dover Strait – shortest sea route between England and European Mainland, famous for under sea tunnel. Kiel Canal- connects north sea to Baltic sea

28. Gulf of Bothnia- northern extension of Baltic sea Gulf of Finland- Arm of Baltic sea, low salinity and important ports- Helsinki, St. Petersburg and Tallinn

29. MAJOR SEAS bordering EUROPE - South

30. Connects Atlantic Ocean to Mediterranean Sea Separates the Iberian Peninsula in Europe from Morocco in Africa Known as key to Mediterranean

31. 3 straits: Strait of Kerch (joins sea of Azov and Black sea) Bosporus Strait Dardanelles Strait

32. Natural strait connecting Black Sea  to  Sea of Marmara Also known as Istanbul Strait Separates the  European part  from the  Asian part  of Istanbul

33. Bosporus Strait and Dardanelles Strait together known as Turkish Straits and separate Asian Turkey from European Turkey

34. RIVERS Source - Mouth SIGNIFICANCE Volga Russia - Caspian Sea Longest & largest river of Russia Danube Germany - Black Sea 2 nd largest. Passes through 10 countries, including c apitals of 4 countries - Austria, Hungry, Serbia, Slovakia. Rhine Switzerland - North sea Boundary between France and Germany; one of the largest non-Russian origin rivers after Danube; flows through 9 countries Rhone Gulf of Lions- Mediterranean Switzerland and France, connected to Rhine by canal Dnieper Russia - Black sea Passes through Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine; economically important – hydroelectric plants and navigable waterways Seine English Channel Paris is located on it

35. RIVERS DRAINS INTO SIGNIFICANCE Po Adriatic sea Italy’s longest river Tiber Tyrrhenian sea Rome located on it, Italy Elbe Czech Republic - North sea Hamburg located on it, Germany Weser North sea Exclusively in Germany Oder Baltic sea Makes boundary between Germany and Poland Ebro Mediterranean sea Drains Spain Vistula Poland - Baltic sea Longest & largest river of Poland. Warsaw (capital of Poland) located on it Thames England - North sea Runs through centre of London