Evapotranspiration & consumptive use

HOW TO SAVE WATER &HOW THE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION OCCUR

1. WELCOME 1

2. ASSIGNMENT ON EVAPOTRANSPIRATION & CONSUMPTIVE USE SUBMITTED TO-: Dr. S.K Dwibedi Dr. B.S Bishoyi SUBMITTED BY-: Suchismita Sahu(03C/17) Tapan Kumar Pradhan(21C/17) 1

3. CONTENT EVAPOTRANSPIRATION DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EVAPOURATION & TRANSPIRATION UNIT OF MEASUREMENT TYPES OF EVAPOTRASPIRATION FACTOR AFFECTING EVAPOTRASPIRATION SIGNIFICANCE OF EVAPOTRASPIRATION CONSUMPTIVE USE NECESSITY of C.U OF WATER TYPE OF CONSUMPTIVE USE 3 2

4. WHAT IS EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ? combination of TWO separate processes E vaporation from the soil surface Transpiration from plant 3

5. difference between evaporation & transpiration Evaporation movement of water to the air from sources such as the soil , water surface . living & nonliving . not much forces involved it continues as long as water is available on the surface T ranspiration loss of water from plant mainly from leaves to atmosphere in the form of vapor . living cells involved . various processes like vapor pressure, osmotic pressure, diffusion involved . it depends upon absor p ti on of water from the soil . 4

6. Units of measurement T he evapotranspiration rate is normally expressed in mili meters (mm) per unit time. T he time unit can be an hour, day, decade, month or even an entire growing period or year. T he rate expresses the amount of water lost from a cropped surface in units of water depth . 5

7. Type of evapotranspiration 6

8. Potential et-: concept given by Thornthwait. It is the highest rate of ET from an actively growing short height vegetation completely covering the ground with abundant water supply at a given climatic condition . REFERENCE ET- : Concept given by Doorenboss and Pruit It is the rate of ET , not highest from an extended area completely covered by grasses of 12-15cm high completely covering the ground . It is the abundant soil moisture substance . ACTUAL ET- : It is the actual ET of a crop at particular locality and at particular time .It depends upon crop , soil , climate , and management factors. 7

9. FACTORS AFFECTING ET- : Environmental factors Plant crop factor Geographical factor Soil factors 8

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11. Plant and crop factors-: 1.Vegetative cover 2.Leaf shape and size 3.Type of plant Geographical factors-: ET is also dependent upon an area’s geography, latitude and climate. ET is higher in latitudes. SOIL FACTORS-: ET depend upon water table depth, soil moisture contain and capillary character. 10

12. Significance of et- : It is an important process in water cycle as it responsible for 15% atmosphere water vapour. It maintains soil temperature. It helps in movement of nutrients in plant Optimizes temperature of plant. Make the plant cell turgid which provide a proper shape to plant. 11

13. CONSUMPTIVE USE Quantity of water require by plant to meet to meet it’s evapouration-transpiration & to meet metabolic activities . C.U = E +T + >99% <1% ~ E+T C.U = consumptive use = Water require for metabolic process E= evapouration T=evapouration   13 12

14. Necessity of Consumptive use of water Plane the crop pattern for a particular locality depending upon availability of water . Require to design a irrigation project . Require to determine the quantity of water to be released from reservoir or irrigation project . In kharif season CU is less as compered to rabi season . 14 13

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16. 1 . CLIMATIC FACTOR : a) Radiation b) Temperature c) Humidity d) Wind velocity e) Rainfall 15

17. Stages of growth Rooting depth & pattern Duration of the crop 16

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20. CONSUMPTIVE USE EXPRESSED AS Daily consumptive use : Total amount of O used in ET & metabolic activities by crop during a single day . Expressed in – mm/day or cm/day Seasonal consumptive use: Total amount of O used in ET & metabolic activities by crop during it’s total growing season . Expressed in- mm/season or cm/season Peak period of consumptive use : The average daily O use rate in term of ET & metabolic activities during highest CU period of season .   19

21. REFERENCE BOOK –Principles of agronomy (T.Y Reddy ,G.H Reddy) Internet Wikipedia Subject teacher Class note senior 21 20

22. Thank you 21