Eviction of Tenant I What are the 5 Grounds to Evict Tenant.pdf

Eviction of Tenant I What are the 5 Grounds to Evict Tenant ?
The above article is categorically address the tenancy issue in India however can give broad understanding Globally also

1. EvictionofTenantIWhatare
the 5 Grounds to Evict Tenant ?
ByLegal-Varta
Introduction
ThelawsgoverningtenantevictioninIndiadifferfromstatetostate,buttheRent
ControlActofeachstateistheprimarypieceoflegislationthatcontrolstenanteviction.
Theselawsaredesignedtosafeguardtenantsfromarbitraryevictionsandrent
increases.

2. InIndia,evictingatenantisalegalprocess,andthelandlordisrequiredtofollowthe
stepsoutlinedinthestate’sRentControlAct.Usually,theprocedurestartswithserving
thetenantwithanotice,thenacaseisfiledintherelevantcourt.Boththelandlord’sand
thetenant’sargumentswillbeheardbythecourt,whichwillthenrulebasedonthe
evidence presented.
Itiscrucialtorememberthattheevictionoftenantprocedurecanbetime-consuming
andexpensive,andthelandlordneedsacompellingreasontoevicttenantinorderto
besuccessful.Furthercomplicatingtheevictionoftenantprocedureisthetenant’sright
to appeal the court’s ruling.
Also Read:Section 144 of CrPC; सीआरपीसी की धारा 144,तथा सजा का प्रावधान
WhatistheLawforEvictionof
Tenant?
TheRentControlActisapieceoflegislationinIndiathatestablishesthetermsand
conditionsforrentingbothresidentialandcommercialbuildingswhilealsoregulatingthe
interactionbetweentenantsandlandlords.TheRentControlActisenforcedatthestate
level;therefore,theremaybedifferencesbetweenstatesintheact’srequirementsand
provisions.
TheRentControlAct’sprincipalgoalsaretopreventrentersfromarbitrarilyandunjustly
beingevicted,tolimitrentincreases,andtoofferamethodofsettlingdisputesbetween
landlordsandtenants.Thestatuteoutlinesthereasonsforeviction,thestepsinvolved,
and the renters’ and landlords’ legal rights and responsibilities.
LandlordsarenotpermittedundertheRentControlActfromevictingtenantswithouta
goodreasonandwithoutfollowingthecorrectstepsadvisedasperlaw.Contrarily,

3. tenantsarerequiredtopayrentontimeandtousethepropertyexclusivelyasdirected
undertheleaseagreement.Additionally,thelawplacesrestrictionsonrentincreases
and mandates that landlords supply necessities like electricity and water.
Read Act:Rent Control Act
WhataretheGroundstoEvict
Tenant?
Non-Payment of Rent
Asstipulatedintheleaseagreement,ifthetenantisnotpayingtherentorneglectedto
pay the rent on time under agreed terms & condition
Violation of Lease Terms/Subleasing
Byutilizingthepropertyforillegitimatepurposesorsublettingittotheanotherparty
withoutthelandlord’sconsentorknowledgeasthetenanthasviolatethetermsofthe
lease/agreement.
UnauthorizedOccupation/UseofProperty
for Unlawful Purposes
Ontheexpiryofagreementorwithoutthelandlord’sconsent,thetenantisoccupying
the property illegally.
NeedforRepairsorRenovations/Damage
to the Property

4. Thepropertyneedstobeunoccupiedwhilethelandlorddoesrequiretorepairsor
renovation to the property in issue.
Personal Use
Ifthepropertyisrequiredtobeusedbythelandlordpersonallyorbymembersoftheir
family at their own wish.
Itispertinenttonotethatthegroundsforevictionoftenantcanvaryfromstatetostate
aseverystatehassomeamendmentstoitsownrequirementandunderstanding,and
thatthelandlordmustfollowtheproceduresandrequirementsspecifiedbythe
applicable laws.
WhataretheStepstobeFollowedto
Evict Tenant by the Landlord?
Creidt:Pexels

5. TheRentControlActsofeachstateinIndialargelyregulatethelegalrequirementsfor
evictionoftenantortakecarethedisputeresolutiontotheissuesarousedbetween
tenantandlandlord.Theselawsgivelandlordstheabilitytoreclaimtheirpropertyunder
certain conditions and protect renters against unjustified eviction and rent increases.
ThefollowingaresomeofthemainclausesoftheRentControlActsgoverningtenant
eviction:
Notice Period
Thefirstandmostimportantstepistosendthenoticeperiodtothetenantasperthe
guidelinesprescribedunderlawfortheevictionoftenant.TheNoticemustcarrythe
noticeperiodtogivethetimetothetenanttoreplyormoveoutfromthepropertywhich
varies state to state or depends upon the landlord.
Grounds for Eviction
Therearesomeoftheimportantcircumstancesthatarementionedabove,suchas
nonpaymentofrent,subleasing,propertydamage,oruseofthepropertyforillicit
purposes, allow a landlord to evict tenant.
Court Proceedings
Thelandlordmayfileacomplaintintherelevantcourtiftherenterdoesnotleavethe
propertyafterreceivingthenotice.Boththelandlord’sandthetenant’sargumentswill
be heard by the court, which will then rule based on the evidence presented.
Right to Appeal
Thetenant,furtherdelayingtheevictionoftenantprocedure,maychallengethecourt’s
ruling.

6. Protection against Unlawful Eviction
TheRentControlActsprotecttenantsagainstforcibleevictionoftenantandmandate
that landlords complete the correct legal steps before evicting a tenant.
Rent Hikes
RentincreasesaregovernedbytheRentControlActs,andlandlordsarenotpermitted
to do so without the tenant’s permission.
Itisadvisabletothelandlordortheconcernedindividualtofollowtheproperstepsas
mentionedabovetoevictthetenantasitisnotadvisabletogetinvolvedinanykindof
manhandlingasitshallputthelandlordintothetroubleandthetenantisopentoinitiate
the criminal proceeding.
Also Read:What is Life Imprisonment And Provisionsunder IPC 1860?
LandmarkJudgementforthe
Eviction of Tenant
M.C. Mehta vs. Union of India (1987)
Hon’bleSupremeCourtruledthatArticle21oftheIndianConstitution’srighttolifealso
encompassestherighttoasafeandrespectableenvironmentinwhichtolive.TheRent
ControlActsshouldbereadinawaythatbalancestherightsoflandlordsandrenters,
thecourtstated,emphasizingthenecessityofsafeguardingtenantsfromarbitrary
eviction.
Read Citation:M.C. Mehta vs. Union of India (1987)

7. Jai Bhagwan vs. Smt. Somawanti (1996)
Thecourtconcludedthatalandlordmayonlyevicttenantiftheycandemonstratethat
theyactuallyneedthepropertyfortheirownpurpose.Thiscasedealtwiththetopicof
evictionoftenantonthebasisofbonafiderequirement.Thelandlordmustestablish
thattheirneedforthepropertyislegitimateandnotjustacoverforeviction,according
to the court’s ruling.
Mohan Lal vs. Shri Nath (1998)
Thiscasedealtwiththeissueoftenantevictionoftenantonthegroundsofsubletting.
Thecourtheldthatalandlordcanonlyevicttenantiftheycanprovethatthetenanthas
subletthepropertywithouttheirconsent.Thecourtalsostatedthattheburdenofproof
is on the landlord, and they must provide sufficient evidence to support their claim.
“ItcannotbedisputedthattheRentControllerhasnojurisdictiontodecideaclaimfor
possessionmadeonthegroundthatthedefendantisinunlawfulpossession.The
jurisdictionoftheControlleristoorderevictionoftenantifthelandlordIsabletobring
hiscasewithinoneofthegroundsspecifiedintheprovisotoS.14(1)oftheActandis
abletoshowthatthebanonhisrighttoevicttenantshouldbeliftedasthetenanthas
violated one or more of the statutory grounds enumerated in S. 14.”
Read Citation:Mohan Lal vs. Shri Nath (1998)
Kailash Nath Associates vs. DDA (2001)
Thecourtconcludedthatalandlordmayonlyevicttenantiftheycandemonstratethat
theyactuallyneedthepropertyfortheirownpurpose.Thiscasedealtwiththetopicof
evictionoftenantonthebasisofbonafiderequirement.Thelandlordmustestablish

8. thattheirneedforthepropertyislegitimateandnotjustacoverforeviction,according
to the court’s ruling.
“(3)Section74istobereadalongwithSection73and,therefore,ineverycaseof
breachofcontract,thepersonaggrievedbythebreachisnotrequiredtoproveactual
lossordamagesufferedbyhimbeforehecanclaimadecree.Thecourtiscompetentto
awardreasonablecompensationincaseofbreachevenifnoactualdamageisproved
to have been suffered in consequence of the breach of a contract.”
Read Citation:Kailash Nath Associates vs. DDA (2001)
Theserulingshavehadaconsiderableimpactontherightsandobligationsoflandlords
andtenants,aswellasonthelegalframeworkfortenantevictionoftenantinIndia.Itis
crucialtorememberthatevictionoftenantlawsaredynamicandthateachcase’s
outcome will depend on its own particular facts and circumstances.
Credit:Pexels

9. FAQ
Doestenanthaveanyrightswithoutvalid
agreement for tenancy?
Yes,evenwithoutawrittencontract,tenantsdohavesomerightsprovidedthetenantis
abletoprovehistenancy.TheTransferofPropertyAct,1882andthestate-specific
RentControlActsarethemainlegaldocumentsinIndiathatregulaterental
agreements.
TheRentControlActnormallydeterminesthetermsofthetenancyintheabsenceofa
documented lease agreement.
CanLandloardComplainttoPoliceforthe
Eviction of Tenant?
No,alandlordcannotevictarenterinIndiabycallingthepolice.InIndia,theevictionof
tenantprocedureisgovernedbylegislationandmustbehandledbythelegalsystem.
Self-helpactionsareprohibitedandmayresultincriminalorcivilconsequences,such
as changing the locks or taking the tenant’s possessions.
Whattodoifthetenantisnotpayingthe
rent or refused to pay rent?
Ifthetenantisnotpaying,rentthantheLandlordmayinitiatethelegalproceeding
againstthetenantasprescribedunderRentControlAct.Whichare“Serveanotice:
Issue a demand notice: File a case; Obtain a court order and Execution”

10. Whattodotoavoidillegalevictionof
tenant in India?
AccordingtoarulingbytheSupremeCourtofIndia,landlordscannotevictatenantfor
atleastfiveyearsiftherentisbeingpaidontimeunlesstheyhavealegitimateneedfor
thepropertythemselves.Otherissuesthatshouldbeavoidedwhenevictingatenant
include:Therentagreementshouldbewrittenwiththeassistanceofarealestate
attorneyandcontainpertinentclausesontheuseoftheproperty,terminationoftherent
agreement, rent amount, etc.
Whattodoifthetenantrefusestoleave
evenaftertheevictionnoticehasbeen
served?
Non-compliancetotheevictionnoticewouldentailcourtactionasandwhenthe
landlord chooses to start one.
Conclusion
Itisquitedifficultandtediousprocesswherethereanydisputearisebetweenlandlord
andtenant.TimebytimeHo’bleApexCourthavegiventheguidelinesonillegitimate
occupantstowardstherentedproperty.Finally,therulesinIndiacontrollingevictionof
tenantseektostrikeacompromisebetweentherightsoflandlordsandtenants.Only
specifiedcircumstancesandthecorrectlegalproceduresmaybefollowedbylandlords
in order to evict renters.
Disclaimer

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