Viking At Coppergate
Introduction From the 8th century to the 11th century, the Vikings, used their stronghold in the
Scandinavian Peninsula, to exploit westward to Iceland and Greenland, even Canada, southward to
mainland Western Europe and southwestward to Britain and Ireland. Tyranny and poor living
conditions might be the main reasons for their invasions (Owen 1999 10). There were two invader
sources, one was from Norway called Norse , the other was from Denmark called Danelaw . At the
beginning of the Vikings expansion, piracy and trade were the dominant elements, however, after a
period of time, they began to settle down in their colonies, such as Britain, France, Ireland and Russia.
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It is supposed that, at the beginning, the Scandinavians established Jorvik as a military base, however,
with the archaeological evidence, it was originally planned as a permanent manufacturing and trade
centre in which it had administrative, commercial and defensive functions (Hall 1990, 82). York was
an ideal settlement where the Vikings, based on the Roman core area, set up a large new street system,
although the street plan appeared originally irregular and was defined by a mixture of topographic and
inherited historical features (Hall 1990,
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