Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt
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About This Presentation
example for design bridge
Slide Content
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 1
Example 2 –Option 3:
Bent columns on capped piles -an alternate way to
connect the columns to the pile caps
Details on following slides
Piles: 14"Ø concrete-filled steel pipe
Abutment
Abutment
Bent cap
Pile cap
Slide 1 -no change
Example 2 –Option 3:
Bent columns on capped piles -an alternate way to
connect the columns to the pile caps
Details on following slides
Piles: 14"Ø concrete-filled steel pipe
Abutment
Abutment
Bent cap
Pile cap
Slide 1 -no change
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 2
4.0'
20.0'
8" slab deck
Ground level
4"
railing
6.25'
47.0'
8.25'
24.0'
4.0'
Assumed point of pile fixity
(idealized cantilever pile)
Top of column at mid-
height of bent cap
Top of piles at mid-
height of pile cap
14.75'12.75'
32.25'
BT-63 girder
30.25'
Slide 2 -no change
4.0'
20.0'
8" slab deck
Ground level
4"
railing
6.25'
47.0'
8.25'
24.0'
4.0'
Assumed point of pile fixity
(idealized cantilever pile)
Top of column at mid-
height of bent cap
Top of piles at mid-
height of pile cap
14.75'12.75'
32.25'
BT-63 girder
30.25'
Slide 2 -no change
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 3
Pile cap: 13' x 13' x 4'
14" concrete-filled
steel pipe
2.0'
2.0'
4.5'
4.5'
13.0'
6.5'
Slide 3
Stop column at top of pile cap
and insert a Joint Constraint
between the joint at the column
base and the center joint at the
mid-depth of the pile cap
4.0'
5.0' 8.5'
2.0'
12.75'
13.0'
Assumed point of pile fixity
30" Ø
Bent cap
Base of
column
Joint at base
of column
Center joint at
mid-depth of cap
Joint
constraint
Pile cap: 13' x 13' x 4'
14" concrete-filled
steel pipe
2.0'
2.0'
4.5'
4.5'
13.0'
6.5'
Slide 3
Stop column at top of pile cap
and insert a Joint Constraint
between the joint at the column
base and the center joint at the
mid-depth of the pile cap
4.0'
5.0' 8.5'
2.0'
12.75'
13.0'
Assumed point of pile fixity
30" Ø
Bent cap
Base of
column
Joint at base
of column
Center joint at
mid-depth of cap
Joint
constraint
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 4
Slide 4
Shows the Joint Constraint that "connects"
the joint in the column base and the center
joint at the mid-depth of the pile cap
X
Z
X = 80.0'
Z = -6.083'
Z = -6.25'
Z = -6.083'
Z = -32.25'
Z = -47.0'
Z = 0
Z = -6.25
Z = -8.25'
22.0'
14.75'
X = 75.5'
X = 73.5'
X = 84.5'
X = 86.5'
Roller bearing
(X = 0, X = 160')
Pinned bearing
Abutment
Bent column
Z = -30.25'
Joint Constraint
2.0'
Base of
column
Slide 4
Shows the Joint Constraint that "connects"
the joint in the column base and the center
joint at the mid-depth of the pile cap
X
Z
X = 80.0'
Z = -6.083'
Z = -6.25'
Z = -6.083'
Z = -32.25'
Z = -47.0'
Z = 0
Z = -6.25
Z = -8.25'
22.0'
14.75'
X = 75.5'
X = 73.5'
X = 84.5'
X = 86.5'
Roller bearing
(X = 0, X = 160')
Pinned bearing
Abutment
Bent column
Z = -30.25'
Joint Constraint
2.0'
Base of
column
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 5
Views towardX = 0
Y
Z
Y = 0
Y =
-
2.0
Y =
-
4.0
Y =
-
8.5
Y =
-
13.0
Y =
-
15.0
Y = 2.0
Y = 4.0 Y = 8.5 Y = 13.0
Units: feet
2.0'
4.0'
8.5'
13.0'
15.0'
Y = 0
Slide 4
Shows the Joint Constraint that "connects"
the joint in the column base and the center
joint at the mid-depth of the pile cap
Views towardX = 0
Y
Z
Y = 0
Y =
-
2.0
Y =
-
4.0
Y =
-
8.5
Y =
-
13.0
Y =
-
15.0
Y = 2.0
Y = 4.0 Y = 8.5 Y = 13.0
Units: feet
2.0'
4.0'
8.5'
13.0'
15.0'
Y = 0
Slide 4
Shows the Joint Constraint that "connects"
the joint in the column base and the center
joint at the mid-depth of the pile cap
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 6
X
Z
Y
next 2 slides
Y =
-
8.5'
X
Z
Y
next 2 slides
Y =
-
8.5'
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 7
View in +Xdirection
nodes
overlapping nodes
bent cap
pile
column
Z
column ( frame section)
bent cap ( frame section)
pile cap ( made up of thick-
platefinite elements )
pile ( frame section)
top of deck
Y
Z = -32.25'
Z = -8.25'
Z = 0
Z = -30.25'
base of column
Joint Constraint
View in +Xdirection
nodes
overlapping nodes
bent cap
pile
column
Z
column ( frame section)
bent cap ( frame section)
pile cap ( made up of thick-
platefinite elements )
pile ( frame section)
top of deck
Y
Z = -32.25'
Z = -8.25'
Z = 0
Z = -30.25'
base of column
Joint Constraint
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 8
nodes
overlapping nodes
column
pile
mid-depth of pile cap in
a plane at Z = -32.25'
top of column at mid-depth of bent cap at
X = 80.0', Y = -8.5',Z = -8.25'
bottoms of all piles at depth Z = -47.0'
X
Z
Y
top of pile cap in a
plane at Z = -30.25'
tops of piles in a plane at
cap mid-depth Z = -32.25'
Joint Constraint
nodes
overlapping nodes
column
pile
mid-depth of pile cap in
a plane at Z = -32.25'
top of column at mid-depth of bent cap at
X = 80.0', Y = -8.5',Z = -8.25'
bottoms of all piles at depth Z = -47.0'
X
Z
Y
top of pile cap in a
plane at Z = -30.25'
tops of piles in a plane at
cap mid-depth Z = -32.25'
Joint Constraint
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 9
Joint Constraints -introduction
When a member is drawn the program creates joints at the ends of the member. For
example, joints 1and 2shown below are created when a member is drawn from a
"starting" point ( insert 1) to an "ending" point ( 2 ). Joints just created are connected
by the member, and are the points at which the member is "connected" into the model:
If a new second member is drawn parallel to ( but at a distance from ) the first member,
new joints ( 3and 4) are created. In this case, the joints in Member 1 ( 1and 2 ) and in
Member 2( 3and 4) are not connected in any manner, and would not "work together" in
the model unless connected by another component, or by a Joint Constraint.
ending pointstarting point
1 2
Member
1 2
3 4
Member 1
Member 2
Joint Constraints -introduction
When a member is drawn the program creates joints at the ends of the member. For
example, joints 1and 2shown below are created when a member is drawn from a
"starting" point ( insert 1) to an "ending" point ( 2 ). Joints just created are connected
by the member, and are the points at which the member is "connected" into the model:
If a new second member is drawn parallel to ( but at a distance from ) the first member,
new joints ( 3and 4) are created. In this case, the joints in Member 1 ( 1and 2 ) and in
Member 2( 3and 4) are not connected in any manner, and would not "work together" in
the model unless connected by another component, or by a Joint Constraint.
ending pointstarting point
1 2
Member
1 2
3 4
Member 1
Member 2
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 10
A Joint Constraint is a "conceptual device" that can used to rigidly connect two or more
joints that are not connected by a component drawn between them. For example, joints
2and 4can be constrained( i.e., forced ) to work together in the model:
1 2
3 4
Member 1
Member 2
constraint
Two joints that are rigidly constrainedwill "move together" ( i.e., they cannot displace
relative to each other ) as the structure deforms. Like Mary and her Little Lambs, wherever
one joint goes the other must exactly follow.
There are several types of constraints available in CSI Bridge. They can be seen by:
Orb→ Resources→ Help(show) → Index →
key wordConstraint→ Define Joint Constraints
The constraint type that will be used in this example is a Body Constraint
A Joint Constraint is a "conceptual device" that can used to rigidly connect two or more
joints that are not connected by a component drawn between them. For example, joints
2and 4can be constrained( i.e., forced ) to work together in the model:
1 2
3 4
Member 1
Member 2
constraint
Two joints that are rigidly constrainedwill "move together" ( i.e., they cannot displace
relative to each other ) as the structure deforms. Like Mary and her Little Lambs, wherever
one joint goes the other must exactly follow.
There are several types of constraints available in CSI Bridge. They can be seen by:
Orb→ Resources→ Help(show) → Index →
key wordConstraint→ Define Joint Constraints
The constraint type that will be used in this example is a Body Constraint
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 11
A Body Constraintis a type of Joint Constraintthat "connects" two separate bodies
(each with its own joint numbers) by linking one joint in each body. The connecting link
between the two bodies is a rigid link between the selected joints. The connected joints
act as a three-dimensional rigid body so that they cannot displace relative to each other.
The connected joints may be at any positions in space. That is, if two bodies are to be
connected by "constraining" one joint in each body, the selected in each body do not have
to coincide ( do not have to lie on top of each other ).
Body Constraint
Example:
Superstructure and bent drawn
using Bridge Wizard
Pile cap and piles drawn by
user outside of Bridge Wizard
Note that each "body"
has its own joint
numbering system.
Updating the bridge
model will not link the
two bodies because
there are no coincident
joints.
A Body Constraintis a type of Joint Constraintthat "connects" two separate bodies
(each with its own joint numbers) by linking one joint in each body. The connecting link
between the two bodies is a rigid link between the selected joints. The connected joints
act as a three-dimensional rigid body so that they cannot displace relative to each other.
The connected joints may be at any positions in space. That is, if two bodies are to be
connected by "constraining" one joint in each body, the selected in each body do not have
to coincide ( do not have to lie on top of each other ).
Body Constraint
Example:
Superstructure and bent drawn
using Bridge Wizard
Pile cap and piles drawn by
user outside of Bridge Wizard
Note that each "body"
has its own joint
numbering system.
Updating the bridge
model will not link the
two bodies because
there are no coincident
joints.
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 12
Body Constraint( continued )
The left column can be connected to the left cap/pile foundation by using the Body
Constrainttype of Joint Constraintto link Node 90in the column with Node 46in the
foundation ( similar for the right column and foundation, using another Joint Constraint ).
The Joint Constraint acts like a "link" between the two Nodes:
Joint Constraint
"Link"
Multiple constraints can be used between multiple "bodies" within the structure. When
the model is Updated, the program will use all constraints to merge the coordinates in
all the separate bodies to form a single bridge model.
Body Constraint( continued )
The left column can be connected to the left cap/pile foundation by using the Body
Constrainttype of Joint Constraintto link Node 90in the column with Node 46in the
foundation ( similar for the right column and foundation, using another Joint Constraint ).
The Joint Constraint acts like a "link" between the two Nodes:
Joint Constraint
"Link"
Multiple constraints can be used between multiple "bodies" within the structure. When
the model is Updated, the program will use all constraints to merge the coordinates in
all the separate bodies to form a single bridge model.
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 13
Multiple constraints can be used between multiple "bodies" within the structure. When
the model is Updated, the program will use all constraints to merge the coordinates in
all the separate bodies to form a single bridge model. Thus:
Body Constraint( continued )
Body Constraint 1 Body Constraint 2
Body 1
Body 2 Body 3
Updateuses two constraints to merge
three bodies into one bridge model
Multiple constraints can be used between multiple "bodies" within the structure. When
the model is Updated, the program will use all constraints to merge the coordinates in
all the separate bodies to form a single bridge model. Thus:
Body Constraint( continued )
Body Constraint 1 Body Constraint 2
Body 1
Body 2 Body 3
Updateuses two constraints to merge
three bodies into one bridge model
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 14
Body Constraint( continued )
Note that the program does NOT actually draw the links between the constrained joints.
The user can only see at any given time a singleconstraint, and the joints that are linked
by that constraint. However, it is convenient to visualize a linkage between constrained
joints. For Body Constraint 1:
Visualized link:
Body Constraint 1
Body Constraint 1
as displayed by program
Body Constraint( continued )
Note that the program does NOT actually draw the links between the constrained joints.
The user can only see at any given time a singleconstraint, and the joints that are linked
by that constraint. However, it is convenient to visualize a linkage between constrained
joints. For Body Constraint 1:
Visualized link:
Body Constraint 1
Body Constraint 1
as displayed by program
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 15
Welds
A Weldis another form of Joint Constraint. It can be used to "connect the different parts
of the structural model that where defined using separate meshes" . It is not a single
constraint, but rather is a set of constraint linking multiple pairs of joints. A Weld is used to
connect several joints along the boundary between two separate body meshes:
Figure 12, CSI Analysis Reference Manual
A single Weld can beused to link Joint 121 to 221, Joint 122 to 222, etc. Weldsare
not used in this example.
Welds
A Weldis another form of Joint Constraint. It can be used to "connect the different parts
of the structural model that where defined using separate meshes" . It is not a single
constraint, but rather is a set of constraint linking multiple pairs of joints. A Weld is used to
connect several joints along the boundary between two separate body meshes:
Figure 12, CSI Analysis Reference Manual
A single Weld can beused to link Joint 121 to 221, Joint 122 to 222, etc. Weldsare
not used in this example.
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 16
Coincident node:
top of pile, mid-depth
of cap, base of column
Joint Constraint type:
Body Constraint
How to go from Example 2Option 2to Option 3 ?
Coincident node:
top of pile, mid-depth
of cap, base of column
Joint Constraint type:
Body Constraint
How to go from Example 2Option 2to Option 3 ?
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 17
Overview
Start with the bridge model from Exercise 2 Option 2
Home ►YZplane view ►X = 80
Extrudeon
pile cap
Column length: 24.0'
Extrudeoff
Z = -32.25
column
Overview
Start with the bridge model from Exercise 2 Option 2
Home ►YZplane view ►X = 80
Extrudeon
pile cap
Column length: 24.0'
Extrudeoff
Z = -32.25
column
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 18
remove
24.0'
columns
Z = -32.25
24.0'
columns
Starting point from
previous slide
Existing 24.0' columns must be deleted before
Bent_free_basecan be redefined with 22.0' columns
( column base springs are not changed )
remove
24.0'
columns
Z = -32.25
24.0'
columns
Starting point from
previous slide
Existing 24.0' columns must be deleted before
Bent_free_basecan be redefined with 22.0' columns
( column base springs are not changed )
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 19
24.0'
columns
removed
Z = -32.25
Z = -30.25
add
22.0'
columns
Redefine Bent_free_baseto have 22.0' columns
24.0'
columns
removed
Z = -32.25
Z = -30.25
add
22.0'
columns
Redefine Bent_free_baseto have 22.0' columns
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 20
add two
Body
ConstraintsBODY1 BODY2
Z = -30.25
Z = -32.25
Use Body ConstraintsBODY1
and BODY2 to link segments
Link segments ( constrain joints) and Updatebridge model
Updatebridge model
BODY1 BODY2
add two
Body
ConstraintsBODY1 BODY2
Z = -30.25
Z = -32.25
Use Body ConstraintsBODY1
and BODY2 to link segments
Link segments ( constrain joints) and Updatebridge model
Updatebridge model
BODY1 BODY2
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 21
View joints linked using
Body ConstraintBODY1
View joints linked using
Body ConstraintBODY2
View joints linked using
Body ConstraintBODY1
View joints linked using
Body ConstraintBODY2
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 22
Open file CSI Bridge file
Example2-Two-Equal-Span-Option3.bdb
saved at the end of Option 2
Open file CSI Bridge file
Example2-Two-Equal-Span-Option3.bdb
saved at the end of Option 2
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 23
In YZplane @ X = 80, mark the bent column segments and nodes to be deleted.
Left-click mouse and
drag from right to left
to make selection.
Selection box must
includeor touchtwo
nodes and three column
segments in eachof
the bent columns
End
selection
Selection box
Start
selection
Three column
segments and
two nodes per
bent column
Don't delete
these joints
In YZplane @ X = 80, mark the bent column segments and nodes to be deleted.
Left-click mouse and
drag from right to left
to make selection.
Selection box must
includeor touchtwo
nodes and three column
segments in eachof
the bent columns
End
selection
Selection box
Start
selection
Three column
segments and
two nodes per
bent column
Don't delete
these joints
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 24
Delete
Column segments and
nodes selected for deletion
Selected column segments
and nodes are now deleted
Delete
Column segments and
nodes selected for deletion
Selected column segments
and nodes are now deleted
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 25
Open Componentstab to access Bent_free_baseto change column lengths
Open Componentstab to access Bent_free_baseto change column lengths
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 26
No change
No change
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 27
In Bridgetab UpdateBridge Modelto add re-defined Bent_free_base
2-ft gap
22-ft
column
In Bridgetab UpdateBridge Modelto add re-defined Bent_free_base
2-ft gap
22-ft
column
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 28
Use Display Optionsto turn on Joint Labels
Use Display Optionsto turn on Joint Labels
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 29
Right-clickanywhere
in view pane
Increase font sizes ( also increases size of boundary condition symbols )
Right-clickanywhere
in view pane
Increase font sizes ( also increases size of boundary condition symbols )
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 30
Define two Body Constraints, one for each column-foundation connection
BODY1 BODY2
Y
Z
View toward X = 0
Pile cap
Z = -30.25
Z = -32.25
Node numbers after model
Updatethat redefined the
bent column lengths
Body Constraint-typeJoint
Constraints:
BODY1links Nodes 46and 90
BODY2links Nodes 43and 87
Define two Body Constraints, one for each column-foundation connection
BODY1 BODY2
Y
Z
View toward X = 0
Pile cap
Z = -30.25
Z = -32.25
Node numbers after model
Updatethat redefined the
bent column lengths
Body Constraint-typeJoint
Constraints:
BODY1links Nodes 46and 90
BODY2links Nodes 43and 87
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 31
Use Home►Display Optionsto turn off Joint Labels.
Then use Advancedtab to create joint constraints BODY1and BODY2
Constraints created by program
during model construction
Use Home►Display Optionsto turn off Joint Labels.
Then use Advancedtab to create joint constraints BODY1and BODY2
Constraints created by program
during model construction
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 32
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 33
Y
Z
View toward X = 0
BODY1 BODY2
Assign each pair of joints to the specified Joint Constraints
Y
Z
View toward X = 0
BODY1 BODY2
Assign each pair of joints to the specified Joint Constraints
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 34
Before going farther, make a change in the color that is used to display the joints assigned
to all internal constraints( joint links ) and external restraints ( reactions )
Before going farther, make a change in the color that is used to display the joints assigned
to all internal constraints( joint links ) and external restraints ( reactions )
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 35
ALL constraints and restraints will be changed to RED
which is easier to see than the default gray
ALL constraints and restraints will be changed to RED
which is easier to see than the default gray
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 36
Open Advancedtab, and select Nodes to be constrained by BODY1
Start
selection
End
selection
Note that reaction symbol
has changed to RED
Selection
box
Use mouse to select the two nodes by
enclosing them in a selection box.
This selection can be made either
Left-to-Right or Right-to-Left
Open Advancedtab, and select Nodes to be constrained by BODY1
Start
selection
End
selection
Note that reaction symbol
has changed to RED
Selection
box
Use mouse to select the two nodes by
enclosing them in a selection box.
This selection can be made either
Left-to-Right or Right-to-Left
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 37
Assign BODY1constraint to the selected joints
Select
constraint
BODY1
and then
OK
Selected
joints
Assign BODY1constraint to the selected joints
Select
constraint
BODY1
and then
OK
Selected
joints
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 38
Selected joints now constrained by BODY1
Joints constrained by BODY1change to RED.
This is not permanent. Color will revert to
BLACKwhen any other constraints are shown.
Note that there is no "linkage symbol" drawn
between these joints.
This is the only place where the
constraint name appears
Selected joints now constrained by BODY1
Joints constrained by BODY1change to RED.
This is not permanent. Color will revert to
BLACKwhen any other constraints are shown.
Note that there is no "linkage symbol" drawn
between these joints.
This is the only place where the
constraint name appears
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 39
In current view, select Nodes to be constrained by BODY2
Selection
box
In current view, select Nodes to be constrained by BODY2
Selection
box
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 40
Assign BODY2constraint to the selected joints
Selected
joints Select
constraint
BODY2
and then
OK
Assign BODY2constraint to the selected joints
Selected
joints Select
constraint
BODY2
and then
OK
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 41
Selected joints now constrained by BODY2
Joints constrained by BODY2change to RED.
As noted before, there is no "linkage symbol"
drawn between these joints.
Note that only ONE joint constraint can be shown
at a time. Thus, the joints constrained by BODY1
and those constrained by BODY2cannot be seen
at the same time.
This is the only place where the
constraint name appears
Selected joints now constrained by BODY2
Joints constrained by BODY2change to RED.
As noted before, there is no "linkage symbol"
drawn between these joints.
Note that only ONE joint constraint can be shown
at a time. Thus, the joints constrained by BODY1
and those constrained by BODY2cannot be seen
at the same time.
This is the only place where the
constraint name appears
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 42
UpdateBridge Modelto link foundations to rest of structure.
The Bridge Modelis now complete.
UpdateBridge Modelto link foundations to rest of structure.
The Bridge Modelis now complete.
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 43
How to view Joint Constraintassignments
( Assume that Joint Labelsare initially turned off )
Example situation:
When an existing file is opened no Joint Constraints
are shown.
Recall that CSI Bridge does NOT show constraint
"linkages" as components. There is no way to "turn on"
a display of Joint Constraintsto show them as linkages
between joints.
For example, the figure at left has two separate Joint
Constraints, but they are not shown.
The following steps will allow the user to select and view
these constraints. The user must know that they exist, and
the names of any constraints to be seen.
How to view Joint Constraintassignments
( Assume that Joint Labelsare initially turned off )
Example situation:
When an existing file is opened no Joint Constraints
are shown.
Recall that CSI Bridge does NOT show constraint
"linkages" as components. There is no way to "turn on"
a display of Joint Constraintsto show them as linkages
between joints.
For example, the figure at left has two separate Joint
Constraints, but they are not shown.
The following steps will allow the user to select and view
these constraints. The user must know that they exist, and
the names of any constraints to be seen.
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 44
To select and view Joint ConstraintBODY1that links Nodes 46and 90
Use Home►Display Optionsto turn on Joint Labels. This not
required, but it helps see which joints are constrained ( linked )
Opens Show Joint
Assignmentswindow
( next slide )
Display Options
To select and view Joint ConstraintBODY1that links Nodes 46and 90
Use Home►Display Optionsto turn on Joint Labels. This not
required, but it helps see which joints are constrained ( linked )
Opens Show Joint
Assignmentswindow
( next slide )
Display Options
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 45
Select Constraintto be displayed
The constrained joints are shown in the color ( here, red ) that was earlier selected
for Constraints. The name of the Joint Constraintis given as shown below
Joints linked by BODY1
( appear as colored joints )
Select Constraintto be displayed
The constrained joints are shown in the color ( here, red ) that was earlier selected
for Constraints. The name of the Joint Constraintis given as shown below
Joints linked by BODY1
( appear as colored joints )
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 46
Repeat to select and view Joint ConstraintBODY2that links Nodes 43and 87
Joints linked
by BODY2
Repeat to select and view Joint ConstraintBODY2that links Nodes 43and 87
Joints linked
by BODY2
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 47
The constrained joints are shown in the color ( here, red ) that was earlier selected
for Constraints. The name of the Joint Constraintis given as shown below
Joints linked by BODY2
( appear as colored joints )
The constrained joints are shown in the color ( here, red ) that was earlier selected
for Constraints. The name of the Joint Constraintis given as shown below
Joints linked by BODY2
( appear as colored joints )
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 48
Use Advanced►Moreto clear Constraintdisplay and return to "normal" view
Use Advanced►Moreto clear Constraintdisplay and return to "normal" view
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 49
"Normal" YZplane view restored
Note that there is no indication that
these joints ( or any other joints )
are linked by a Joint Constraint
"Normal" YZplane view restored
Note that there is no indication that
these joints ( or any other joints )
are linked by a Joint Constraint
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 50
In Hometab, use Display Optionsto turn off joint labels and then select 3DXZview
Display options
In Hometab, use Display Optionsto turn off joint labels and then select 3DXZview
Display options
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 51
In the Analysistab run an analysis for the DEADloads
In the Analysistab run an analysis for the DEADloads
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 52
Deflection reference line
Deflection at bent due to elastic shortening
of the bent columns and the piles
Base of column and tops of piles
deflect vertically by the same amount
Joint Constraint ( not shown by the program )
Deflected profile displayed when Analysisis completed
Recall that the model is Locked. In order to make any changes in the model it
must be Unlocked, which will erase the results of the analysis
Deflection reference line
Deflection at bent due to elastic shortening
of the bent columns and the piles
Base of column and tops of piles
deflect vertically by the same amount
Joint Constraint ( not shown by the program )
Deflected profile displayed when Analysisis completed
Recall that the model is Locked. In order to make any changes in the model it
must be Unlocked, which will erase the results of the analysis
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 53
Selected vertical deflections
U3 = -0.2942 in
U3 = -0.461 in
X (U1)
Z (U3)
Set units to inches
Move cursor to joint
Selected vertical deflections
U3 = -0.2942 in
U3 = -0.461 in
X (U1)
Z (U3)
Set units to inches
Move cursor to joint
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 54
Return to Perspectiveview and turn off Joint Labels
Make jointsInvisible
in Display Options
Return to Perspectiveview and turn off Joint Labels
Make jointsInvisible
in Display Options
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 55
Longitudinal ( M3) moment diagram
X
Z
Y
1
2
3
Structure ("global")
coordinate system
Member coordinate
system for member
laid out from X = 0
to X at end of bridge
3103 ft-k
4923 ft-k
Longitudinal ( M3) moment diagram
X
Z
Y
1
2
3
Structure ("global")
coordinate system
Member coordinate
system for member
laid out from X = 0
to X at end of bridge
3103 ft-k
4923 ft-k
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 56
Compare DEAD load moment diagrams for two column base connections
Option 2
Bent columns on pile foundations
( column extended to mid-depth
of pile cap )
Option 3
Bent columns on pile foundations
( column base is at top of pile cap –
connected to cap by Joint Constraint)
4923 ft-k
3103 ft-k
Close enough for government work
3107 ft-k
4913 ft-k
Compare DEAD load moment diagrams for two column base connections
Option 2
Bent columns on pile foundations
( column extended to mid-depth
of pile cap )
Option 3
Bent columns on pile foundations
( column base is at top of pile cap –
connected to cap by Joint Constraint)
4923 ft-k
3103 ft-k
Close enough for government work
3107 ft-k
4913 ft-k
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 57
Vertical reactions at tips of piles
If necessary, use Display Options
to turn off Restraintssymbols
Vertical reactions at tips of piles
If necessary, use Display Options
to turn off Restraintssymbols
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 58
Isolated view of pile footing reactions in –Yregion
52.28
54.89
52.28
65.59
54.83
54.83
52.16
54.77
52.16
Vertical reactions
Reaction sum = 493.8 kips
Isolated view of pile footing reactions in –Yregion
52.28
54.89
52.28
65.59
54.83
54.83
52.16
54.77
52.16
Vertical reactions
Reaction sum = 493.8 kips
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 59
Show member axial force diagrams
Show member axial force diagrams
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 60
Compression forces in piles and in bent column where it
connects to the Joint Constraintat the base of the column
Rubberband zoom
R = 52.28 kips
( Slide 58 )
Force at base of column = -371.1 kips
Compression forces in piles and in bent column where it
connects to the Joint Constraintat the base of the column
Rubberband zoom
R = 52.28 kips
( Slide 58 )
Force at base of column = -371.1 kips
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 61
Check pile footing vertical equilibrium
Total pile weight = 22.8 kips
Pile cap weight = 101.4 kips
495.3 kips downward
Close enough !!
(computed in Option 2)
(computed in Option 2)
52.28
54.89
52.28
65.59
54.83
54.83
52.16
54.77
52.16
Column force at Joint Constraint = 371.1 kips
Total reaction = 493.8 kips upward
Check pile footing vertical equilibrium
Total pile weight = 22.8 kips
Pile cap weight = 101.4 kips
495.3 kips downward
Close enough !!
(computed in Option 2)
(computed in Option 2)
52.28
54.89
52.28
65.59
54.83
54.83
52.16
54.77
52.16
Column force at Joint Constraint = 371.1 kips
Total reaction = 493.8 kips upward
10/26/2011 Example2-Two-Equal-Spans-Option3-Final.ppt 62
10/26/2011:
Updated from 10/22/2011: Page 4 corrected ( 22.0' vs 24.0' dimension )
No other changes
10/26/2011:
Updated from 10/22/2011: Page 4 corrected ( 22.0' vs 24.0' dimension )
No other changes
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