Exotic fish introduction to india and their impact on indigenous species

The exotic varieties of fish have been found to encroach the natural water bodies and adversely affect the indigenous fish species. ... Owing to extensive practice of composite culture, three fast growing exotic fishes are introduced along with the three Indian major carps.

1. Ashish sahu EXOTIC FISH INTRODUCTION TO INDIA AND THEIR IMPACT ON INDIGENOUS SPECIES

2. Introduction of exotic fishes. Definition. Exotic fishes in India. Exotic fishes transplanted in India. a. Game fishes. b. Food fishes. c. Larvicidal fishes. d. Ornamental fishes. e. Unauthorised introduction. Index

3. Common name. Home country. Year of introduction. Place of Introduction and Purpose of exotic fishes introduction. Advantage and Disadvantage of exotic sp. Introduction. Impact of exotic over indigenous fish species. Effection other fishes of indigenous origin. Conclusion. Reference .

4. . Introduction of exotic fishes :- At the beginning of the 1950s development of intensive fisheries and aquaculture induced the initiation of significant fish culture activities all over the world. Introduction of artificial reproduction of fish, elaboration of polyculture stocking structures and starting genetic manipulations required a greater number of fish

5. Species, including foreign fish species. The introduction of common carp ( Cyprinus carpio L.) to rivers of India and South-East Asia was carried out at this time. Later the silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) and grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella) were introduced in Europe . India and South- East Asia, then the Indian carps, Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinas mrigala enlarged the species composition of aquaculture in Asia exotic animals are defined as “species occurring outside of its natural range”.

6. Exotic species, also called non-indigenous species, are organisms that have moved beyond their natural geographical range of habitat. These include various food fishes, game fishes, Larvicidal fishes, ornamental fishes and unauthorized fishes in other words, the fish species which are not of Indian origin but transplanted into Indian waters for culture purpose are called exotic fishes. Definition of exotic fishes :-

7. During the last several decades over 300 species of exotic fishes have been brought into India for experimental aquaculture sport fishing mosquito control. Several exotic species are now established in the natural water bodies of India. Exotic fishes in India :-

8. The fishery department had also sent a report regarding the existence of exotic fishes to the National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR), Lucknow . NBFGR works to achieve its mandate related to database development, genotyping, registration of aquatic germplasm, genebanking and evaluation of endangered and exotic species.

9. S0. N0. SPECIES COMMON NAME HOME COUNTRY YEAR OF INTRODUCTION PLACE OF INTRODUCTION PURPOSE 1. Salmo trutta fario Brown trout U.K. 1863-1900 Nilgiri waters and also in Kashmir Implantation made in cold water of India valued of food fishes and game fishes. 2. Salmo levensis Loch leven U.K. 1863 For planning streams L and R Exotic fishes transplanted in India :- Game fishes : -

10. 3. Salmo gairdnen Rainbow trout Sri Lanka and Germany 1907 Nilgiri 4. Salvelinus fontinalis Eastern brook trout U.K. 1911 5. Oncorhynchus nerka Sockeye salmon Japan 1908 Game fishes : - 6. Salmo salar Atlantic salmon USA 1908

11. 1. Carassius carassius Crucian carp or Golden carp or English carp or wild gold fish U.K. 1870-1874 Ooty lake and Nilgiri Food fish, transplanted for experimental culture 2. Tinca tinca Tench U.K. 1870-1874 Nilgiri Food value 3. Osphronemus goramy gouramy Jawa and Mauritus 1916-1958 Tamil Nadu and W.B. Excellent food valve experimental culture FOOD FISHES : -

12. 4. Cyprinus carpio Common carp or European carp or German carp Sri Lanka 1939 Nilgiri now in other states also Food value 5. Oreochromis mossambicus Tilapia Africa 1952 Experimental 6. Tilapia mossambicus Tilapia Bangkok 1952 Mandapam Food value

13. 7. Cyprinus carpio V- specularis Cyprinus carpio V- Communis and Cyprinus carpio V- Nudus Mirror carp, Scale carp, and Leather carp 8. Ctenopharyngodon idella Grass carp Japan and Hongkong 1957-1959 Cuttack (Orissa) Experimental culture and weed control

14. 9. Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Hypophthalmichthys nobilis Silver carp and Bighead carp Hongkong and Japan 1959 Cuttack (Orissa) Food value 10. Puntius Javanicus Tawes Indonesia 1972 W.B. For control of vegetation and in complete fish culture

15. 1. Gambusia affinis Top minnow (cichlid) Italy 1925 Mosquito larvae control 2. Poecilia reticulata Guppy South America 1908 Mosquito larvae control LARVICIDAL FISHES : -

16. 1. Live bearers (278 species) From various countries Aquarium keeping 2. Egg layers (261 species) Symphysodon  sp. From various countries Aquarium keeping ORNAMENTAL FISHES : -

17. ORNAMENTAL FISHES EGG LAYER : - Flowerhorn cichlid in Asia . Nannacara adoketa , a dwarf cichlid  from  Brazil Red terror cichlid  is a highly aggressive species from the rivers of Northeast South America. The   Oscar   ( Astronotus ocellatus ) is one of the most popular cichlids in the   fish keeping   hobby The butterfly peacock bass ( Cichla ocellaris ) was introduced intentionally in  Florida  as game fis h

18. 1. Aristichthys nobilis Big head carp Breeds in natural water bodies itsel 2. Claries gariepinus African catfish 3. Oreochromis niloticus Nile tilapia 4. O . niloticus x O. mossambicus Red tilapia UNAUTHORISED INTRODUCTION : -

19. Fish Culture is beneficial activity as it extends several direct and indirect benefits; a) In addition to agriculture and animal husbandry, fish culture provides a new commercial avenue, b) Provides easily digestible protein rich food - fish, which helps in improving nutritional status of the mass. Advantage and Disadvantage of exotic sp .: -

20. c) Its production provide additional income to the growers and thus uplifts their purchasing power. d) moreover, an integrated fish culture approach with (mils - banana/papaya and vegetable farming, with cattle or poultry and duck farming, do not provide fish only but provide many other agricultural and animal husbandry products at low or lower cost which are essentials to the mass.

21. The impacts of introducing non-indigenous species can be divided into two areas: ecological, and economic. These categories, however, are inter-dependent; an exotic Species. An accurate accounting of the benefits derived from exotic species is essential. Which has an ecological impact also has an economic one, and vice versa. Effects of introduced fish on ecological and (Socio-economic) environments by reason for the introduction. Data represents number of records from fish base. Effection other fishes of indigenous origin : -

22. Asian carp , like bighead and silver carp, have the potential to cause enormous damage to native species because they feed mainly on plankton, a vital source of nutrition for larval fish and native mussels. Asian carp are a potential competitor with some native fish, like gizzard and threadfin shad, that depend on plankton for food.

23. The introduction of exotic fishes in inland waters is of considerable importance. Some of the exotic fishes are of high food value and have established well in Indian water. Further, they have established in those regions of our country. feed on their larvae. Importance or introducing exotic fishes :

24. which were probably not suitable for the culture of indigenous genera of the Gambusia affinis and Lebistes reticulates have been introduced in stagnant waters where mosquitoes breed and these fishes. Gambusia affinis Gambusia affinis Male Female

25. The different phenototypes of the exotic carp, Cyprinus carpio, were introduced in Kashmir waters in late fifities. From the investigations studies conducted on the Dal Lake in Kashmir with regard to fish population dynamics, it was possible to identify three main impacts of species introduction. Impact of exotic over indigenous fish species : -

26. Cyprinus carpio Dal Lake in Kashmir

27. Terms of both time and space scales, it can be assumed that international species transferred. These movements can definitively be considered as efficient tools for increasing protein production, improving human nutrition and generating income and employment. Conclusion : -

28. Introductions have resulted in much more beneficial impacts than negative ones. The use of exotic fish for improving wild stocks, and consequently enhancing fisheries for example, the introduction of tilapias species into reservoirs or natural water bodies of Asia, Africa and America.

29. Fish and fisheries- Pandey and Shukla Chapter no.37. page no. 384 to 388. Handbook of fisheries and Aquaculture – Chapter no. 13. page no..305 to 317 Reference : -

30. THANK YOU.