Exotic vegetable

Exotic vegetable, Major exotic vegetables , Type of exotic vegetable, Classification of exotic vegetables,

1. Dr. B. N. Sinha PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF EXOTIC VEGETABLES

2. EXOTIC VEGETABLE - Introduction Anything of foreign origin, something not of native growth, as a plant is called exotic. Exotic vegetable are the species introduced to a country or location. Globally important source of cash income for small holders in Asia. In HP cultivation of Exotic Vegetables like asparagus, broccoli, lettuce, leek, chinese cabbage, snow pea, and parsley start picking up in Theog , Matyana , Saproon Valley, Sirmour , Katrain , Manali , Narkanda & Sanj Valley .

3. IMPORTANCE OF EXOTIC VEGETABLE 1 . Exotic vegetables as economic source Exotic vegetables are important source of cash income for farmers. Public & private sector supplies seeds to farmers at reasonable prices In India only old varieties of exotic vegetables are locally available. 2. Exotic vegetables as Nutritional and medicinal value Essential for balanced diet & good health provide micronutrients & phytochemicals . Reduce the risk of obesity, diabetes , cardiovascular diseases & cancer . Correct cooking improve the nutritional value of exotic vegetables 3 . Exotic Vegetable as home garden Growing organically at home makes exotic vegetables excellent choices. 4. Exotic Vegetable for commercial purpose Lend themselves well to small scale and part time farming operation. For plains serve as off – season vegetable. Commercial production and marketing requires knowledge.

4. Uniqueness of exotic vegetables & increased opportunities Opportunities Exotic vegetables market demand has increased 5 fold in India Only 10% Polyhouse are doing cultivation of Exotic vegetables The open area for Exotic vegetable cultivation is negligible The vegetables considered under Super healthy food Category . Uniqueness of exotic vegetables Eaten Raw / semi cooked High priced in Retail Mostly health conscious people eat Super healthy food proven scientifically Farming efforts are same as normal vegetables Location - In India Pune, Himachal, Uttarakhand & Banglore Market Udaipur, Jaipur, Delhi, Chennai, Kolkata

5. IMPORTANT EXOTIC VEGETABLES Popular Not so popular Lettuce – Iceberg Brussels sprouts Zucchini Artichokes Broccoli Garlic Chives Capsicum Golden Cherry tomato Red Cabbage Galangal White Cucumber Pok Choy Asparagus Baby corn Mushroom Herbs - Basil Herbs - Parsley Herbs - Celery Herbs - Oregano

6. Types of exotic Vegetables – open /protected Open Farming Temp- 16 – 38 c Shed Net Farming Temp- 38 - 42 c Polyhouse Farming Controlled Temp Lettuce – Iceberg Lettuce – Iceberg Red Capsicum Zucchini Red Cabbage Yellow Capsicum Broccoli Cherry Tomatoes Purple Capsicum Red Cabbage Herbs - Basil Cherry Tomatoes Herbs - Parsley Asparagus Herbs - Celery Herbs - Basil Herbs - Oregano Herbs - Parsley Zucchini flowers Herbs - Celery Herbs - Oregano Sweet corn

7. Type of Exotic vegetables - on harvest type One time harvest Multiple harvest Lettuce – Iceberg Zucchini Broccoli Kale salad Red Cabbage Cherry Tomatoes Herbs - Parsley Asparagus Herbs - Celery Herbs – Basil Leek Herbs - Oregano Sweet corn and Baby corn

8. WHY EXOTIC VEGETABLE GROWTH IN MARKET ? Fast Food The fast food cousin are part of the high end, mid size and low cost restaurants in India e.g. Mushroom, Red yellow capsicum, Baby corn, Broccoli, Zucchini , cherry tomatoes based food items such as. Pizza Pasta Wraps Sandwiches Chinese / Thai Barbeque Bruschetta Lasagna Soups Health conscious In recent past health conscious people have increased due to lifestyle diseases. That has caused change in eating habits. The new items/ increased consumption for following Raw salads Diet salads Naturopath Smoothies Barbeque

9. Myths & Reality in exotic vegetables Myth Reality Cultivation only in polyhouse Open, Shade net and Polyhouse all are used based on crop choice and agronomic condition of the farmland Pest attack - Never Pest attack happens on Exotic vegetables and need same care as the other vegetables For - 5 star hotels only Every Small restaurant, household and cafes also use Cultivation required - High knowledge & technology Only basic understanding of the Agriculture required for good cultivation. For professional cultivation may need entrant or consultant. Used in Chinese recipes Used in Indian, Continental, Thai, Chinese recipes. Also there are fusion cooking with Indian Recipes. Smoothies, soups and salads has increased consumption.

10. Future Vegetables for doubling farming income Food scientists recommended 300gm /day vegetables in diet. Less initial investment Early returns Can be grown throughout the year Exotic vegetables fit for - open field & in poly houses/shade net.

11. Exotic vegetable – Market potential Business to Business Business to Customer Hotels Own shop Resellers E commerce with home delivery: Whatsapp Mobile app website SMS calls etc. Malls Stalls in Weekly bazar corporate, societies Counter sales Market yard/ subji mandi Institutions Exporters

12. Exotic vegetable – price per crop prevail in India B2B B2C ) ) Salads, Iceberg 30 TO 50 Rs/Kg (SUMMER END 150 RS) 80 to 120 Rs/Kg Zucchini 30 TO 50 Rs/Kg (SUMMER END 100 RS) 80 to 120 Rs/Kg Broccoli 30 TO 50 Rs/Kg (SUMMER END 250 RS) 80 to 150 Rs/Kg Red Yellow Capsicum 50 TO 60 Rs/Kg (Winter 150 RS) 80 to 150 Rs/Kg Red Cabbage 10 TO 40 Rs/Kg (SUMMER END 80 RS) 80 to 120 Rs/Kg Cherry Tomatoes 30 TO 50 Rs/Kg (SUMMER END 250 RS) 80 to 120 Rs/Kg Asparagus 60 TO 90 Rs/Kg (SUMMER END 250 RS) 150 to 200 Rs/Kg Herbs Basil Parsley Celery Oregano 30 to 200 Rs/Kg 10 to 30 Rs/pack Sweet corn / Baby corn 5 to 80 Rs as per demand supply 60 to 100 Rs/Kg

13. Professionalism in exotic vegetable farming

14. Steps in - How to grow healthy exotic vegetables? Steps Method of application Select vegetables Selecting exotic vegetables is the first step. Growing site Choosing an appropriate growing site Soil condition Good soil condition - Fertile, well-drained and moist soil suits . Ideal time The ideal time to prepare garden soil is spring time. Nursery sowing Sowing seeds indoors in germination trays filled with potting mix. Nursery care Provide heat & moisture uniformly for healthy seedlings. Watering Continue to water and care for them, until frosting is over. Transplanting Transplant at correct time and at proper distance. Spacing Place 1-2 seedlings in each planting hole and slowly backfill soil. Irrigation Water transplanted seedlings & protect them from harsh sunlight. Growing condition Keep the soil well-drained and moist for proper growth. Fertilization Augmenting fertilizers is not necessary for growing vegetables.

15. Vegetable Plants that Need Shade some vegetable plants are capable of growing without being subjected to full sunlight. And hence, if you have a shaded area in your garden or are planning to grow them in your balcony, you can include them.

16. Cultivation Methodology Vegetable Nursery days Crop life Lettuce – Iceberg 21-25 45 days then end. Zucchini 25 Fruiting 40 days – life 3 months Broccoli 21-25 75 days then end Red Yellow Capsicum 30 50-60 days – life 6-9 months Red Cabbage 21-25 75 days then end Cherry Tomatoes 21-25 45 days – continue 6 months Asparagus 30-40 650 days – Life for 7 years Sweet corn 60 3 corn/ plant life 3 months Baby corn 60 5 corn/plant life 3 months Mushroom Herbs - Basil 21-25 45 days till 1 year Herbs - Parsley 21-25 40 days then end Herbs - Celery 45 days then end Herbs - Oregano 45 days continue 3 years

17. Cultivation – Crop spacing Vegetables Row to Row Plant of plant Lettuce – Iceberg 1feet 1feet Zucchini 2feet 3feet Broccoli 1feet 1feet Red Yellow Capsicum 1feet 1feet Red Cabbage 1feet 1feet Cherry Tomatoes 2feet 2feet Asparagus 2feet 3feet Sweet corn 2feet 3feet Baby corn 2feet 3feet Mushroom Herbs - Basil 2feet 3feet Herbs - Parsley 2feet 3feet Herbs - Celery 2feet 3feet Herbs - Oregano 2feet 3feet

18. Cultivation – Yield per plant Vegetables Per plant Per acre Lettuce – Iceberg 150-250 gm each salad 4-5 tons per acre Zucchini 4 – 5 kg per plant 6 tons per acre Broccoli 400 – 500 gm per plant 6 tons per acre Red Yellow Capsicum 150 – 350 gm per fruit Red Cabbage 200 – 500 gm per plant 5 – 6 tons per acre Cherry Tomatoes 10-15 gm /fruit Asparagus 10 -25 gm /Stick 1 – 5 tons per acre Sweet corn 200- 300 gm Baby corn 15 – 30 gm Mushroom Herbs - Basil 500 gm Herbs - Parsley 2 -3 bunches Herbs - Celery 200 – 300 gm Herbs - Oregano 30 – 100 gm

19. Soil - Medium type fertile soil. Well drained soil. pH 5.8 to 6.5 Climate - Subtropical climatic condition required. Winter season is ideal for cultivation of most of the exotic vegetables. Land Preparation. Two time ploughing and harrowing, FYM – 20ton /ha S.S.P- 500 kg /ha Raised Bed Preparation Width-60cm Height-30cm Path-40cm Irrigation Drip irrigation is the most effective system used for the cultivation of exotic vegetables Water soluble fertilizers are used for growing purpose Soil should be analyzed before application of fertilizers on daily basis. Soil and Climate Requirement

20. Artichokes- flower buds

21. Asparagus- Asparagus officinalis spears Variety Selection-841, Perfection, UC-72, DPA-1, Jersey Giant, Jersey Gem, Jersey King, Merry Washington, Imperial-84. Sowing January 22 to 26°C Distance 100 x 50 cm Seed 30 g / kanal 2.5 kg/ha Fertilizer 12:25:3.5 Yield 1-2 q/ kanal 150 qt /ha every year Sprout called spears rich in vit -A,C, thimine , potassium, used for soup and pickle purpose

22. Broccoli - curd Variety Palam Vichitra . Palam Kanchan , Palam Haritika , Palam Samridhi Royal Green, Evergreen, Pusa Broccoli Sowing October – November 25 to 26 °C Distance 30X30cm Seed 20 g / kanal 2.5 kg/ha Fertilizer 150: 100: 170 kg/ha Yield 200q/ hq Used in salad, High demand in five star hotels. Rich in Vitamin A & B, calcium and iron .

23. Brussels Sprouts- head Variety Hild’s Ideal. Z Cross, Pearls Crystal, Prince Marble Sowing time October - November Distance 60 x 45cm Seed 20 g / kanal Fertilizer 12:25:3.5 Yield 4-6 q/ kanal

24. Beets - root Variety Crimson Globe, Detroit Dark Red, Star 1105, Merlin, Globe Dark Red, Osprey (spring and summer), and Early Wonder (winter). Temprature & soil 15°C and 20°C, Soil pH 6.0 -7.0 is best Sowing time Early crop - March/April, late crop from June to September Distance 60 x 45cm Seed 7 to 8 kg/ha. 250 g/ Kanal Fertilizer 12:25:3.5 Yield 4-6 q/ kanal

25. Basil - leaf

26. Corn – Sweet corn / Baby corn

27. Colored capsicum Variety Beejo sheetal -capsicum kanak ( yellow), capsicum BSS55 ( red) –determinate type Sowing February Temp-D-18 to 22 ° C, N- 16 to18 ° C Distance Open field 45x45 cm poly house 50X50 cm Seed 250-300gm/ha Fertilizer 200: 125: 275 kg /ha Yield 400 qt /ha, Used for garnishing salad dishes , Use in salad Taste is depend on percentage of capscicin-0.2-4 %

28. Cherry Tomato Variety Bejo Sheetal seeds - BSS-366, UK- Sweet 100, Italian-cherry wonder, Sowing January 18 to 30 °C , Distance 100 x 50 cm Seed 30 g / kanal 400-500gm /ha Fertilizer 125: 65: 135 kg/ha Yield 400 qt /ha, Used for garnishing salad dishes

29. Cauliflower- curd

30. Collards- leaf

31. Chard – leaf stalk

32. Celery- leaf stalk Variety Utah, Pascal, Golden- Deteroit , Golden-Self Blanch Sowing time September - October Distance 45 x 10 cm Seed 5 g / kanal Fertilizer 12:25:4 Yield 15-20 q/ kanal A salad crop grown for long fleshy leaf stalks and petioles, rich in Vitamins and Minerals eaten raw or used for preparation of sauces, juices, stews, soups, salad & ketchups. Seeds used as spice. celery . Helps lower cholesterol levels in the body

33. Chinese Cabbage - leaf Variety Green Sun, White Sun, Summer Bright, Palam Green Sowing September – November 15 to 20 °C Distance 45X45cm Seed 150gm /ha (1gm = 800 seeds) Fertilizer 100: 60: 60 kg/ha Yield 300 qt/ha Use in salad High demand in five star hotels, Vitamins A and C,and minerals like iron,sulfur , phos,potash are available

34. Fennel- Leaves

35. Gherkin–like cucumber

36. Kale - leaf Variety Karam saag Sowing time October – Novemeber Distance 45 x 45 cm Seed 15 g / kanal Fertilizer 12:19:4 Yield 15-20 q/ kanal

37. Leeks- Pseudostem Variety Palam Paustik , Prize Taker, Mussel burgh Sowing time September - October Distance 45 x 45 cm Seed 60 g / kanal Fertilizer 12:15:7 Yield 12-15 q/ kanal

38. Lettuce - Butter h head , Crisp head , leafy, Romain , stem type Variety Alamo 1, Simpson Black Seeded, Eves Wonder, Ruby Iceberg type – Summer time, Kispino , Penlake Sowing September – November 20 to 24 °C Distance 30 X 45cm Seed 20 g / kanal Fertilizer 100: 75: 100 kg/ha Yield 250 qt/ha Consumed as boiled and as salad rich in Vit A, C, iron, sulfur, phos , potash are available.

39. Parsnips - Root

40. Pea – fruit pod

41. Parsley- leaf Variety Curled leaf , Double curled , Champion , Deep Green, Green Forest , Flat Leaf-Italian Dark green , Parsely petra Sowing time It can be grown August to January 22 to 30 o C Distance 45 x 10 cm Seed 10 g / kanal 500gm /ha Fertilizer 12:25:4 Yield 4-5 q/ kanal 250 qt /ha Leaves rich in vitamin C used in soups, salad and other dishes for seasoning like coriander.

42. Pak choi – leaf

43. Red Cabbage - head Variety Red Cabbage Red rock, Red drum head Sowing time Low hill October - November Distance 45 x 45cm Seed 18 g / kanal Fertilizer 10:12:1.5 Yield 4-6 q/ kanal

44. Zuchini Yellow - Fruit

45. Zuchini Green - Cucurbita maxima Fruit Variety Hangnag Seeds, Pinto Seeds, Clous Seeds, Tejiyar Seeds, Balam house Sowing September – November 20 to 24 °C Distance 60 x 60 cm Seed 3-kg /ha ( 10 gm- 60 to 65 seeds) Fertilizer 125: 65: 135 kg/ha Yield 400 qt /ha Similar to cucumber but taste and colour are different

46. Purple Potato Purple potato has a amazing and light color . It contains big quantities of anthocyanins - a powerful antioxidant also found in other fruits and vegetables with this color. The color don’t disappears in cooking , being in this regard a downright exotic vegetable. Despite the color, which is surprising, the taste of the purple patato is exactly like the taste of classic potato .

47. Blue Corn

48. Seed – Exotic Vegetable

49. Thanks