Expectorant

UNIT 4
PIC

1. UNIT 4: MISCELLANEOUS COMPUNDS E XPECTORANTS EMETICS Haematinics Posion & Antidote Astringents

2. E XPECTORANT These are the agents which enhance the secretion of sputum from trachea, bronchi or lungs and hence they are used in treatment of cough. OR They are also defined as agent that facilitates the removal of broncho-pulmonary mucus secretion membrane . OR These are drugs, eliminate the secretions of respiratory tract by inducing cough.

3. DEFINE Expectorants are “Drugs that help in removing sputum from the respiratory tract either by increasing the fluidity (or reducing the viscosity) of sputum Or  increasing the volume of fluids that have to be expelled from the respiratory tract by coughing.”

4. C LASSIFICATION OF EXPECTORANTS Based on MOA they are categorized into two types: Sedative expectorants Stimulant expectorants

5. 1. S EDATIVE E XPECTORANTS These are stomach irritants which are able to produce their effect through stimulation of gastric reflux. E.g. bitter drugs as Ipecac, senega, and compounds such as antimony potassium tartarate, ammonium chloride, potassium iodide.

6. 2. S TIMULANT E XPECTORANTS Expectorants which bring about stimulation of secretory cells of the respiratory tract directly or indirectly since these drugs stimulates secretion , more fluid gets produced in respiratory tract and hence sputum is diluted. E.g. Eucalyptus oil, Lemon, Anise and Terpine oil.

7. P OTASSIUM I ODIDE Mol. Formula_ KI Mol. Weight _ 166 gm Synonyms _ Potide, Kalli Iodidum S t an d a r d _ It c o n t ain no t less t ha n 99 % K I with reference to a dried basis MOP _ Laboratory Method Industrial Method

8. A )L ABORATORY M ETHOD Prepared by treating slight excess of iodine with a hot aqueous solution of Potassium hydroxide. The pale yellow solution is evaporated to dryness and residue is heated with charcoal to reduce iodate to iodide. 6KOH + 3I 2 KIO 3 + 3C KIO 3 + 5KI + 3H 2 O K I + 3 CO

9. B ) I NDUSTRIAL M ETHOD It can be prepared by using potassium carbonate and iron fillings. Iron filling are agitated in the iodine solution to form ferro ferric iodide which on further boiling with conc. solution of potassium carbonate gives potassium iodide. 4Fe + 5I 2 FeI 2. FeI 3 + 4K 2 CO 3 2FeI 2. FeI 3 8KI + FeO.FeO 3 + 4CO 2

10. P HYSICAL PROPERTIES White granular powder Slightly hygroscopic in nature Taste is saline and slight bitter Soluble in water, glycerin and alcohol On exposure to air, it become yellow

11. C HEMICAL P ROPERTIES With silver nitrate it gives yellow ppt of silver iodide KI + AgNO 3 AgI (yellow) + KNO 3 Iodine ion gets oxidised to iodine when treated with oxidising agents 2I I + 2e -

12. Storage condition- It should be stored in well closed container Incompatibillity- It i s in c omp a tible with s alt of i r on , bis m uth, mercury, potassium chlorate and alkaloidal salts. Uses- As an expectorant Act as source of iodine and potassium In treatment of goiter Use as saline diuretics As anti-fungal agent in veterinary practices

13. A MMONIUM CHLORIDE Molecular Formula -NH 4 CI Molecular weight- 53.49g Synonyms - Salmiac, Amchlor , ammonium muriate S t an d a r d - c o n t ains N L T 99 . 5 % o f ammonium calculated with reference to dried substance Method of Preparation- 1. By neutralizing hydrochloric acid with ammonia NH 3 + HCI NH 4 CI chloride 2. By ammonium sulphate with sodium chloride 2NaCl + (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 2NH 3 + 2HCl 2NH 3 +2HCl+Na 2 SO 4 2NH 4 CI

14. It is the Product of solvay process used to produce Ammonium chloride & sodium carbonate Physical Properties- White, fine crystalline powder Odourless and cooling saline taste Hygroscopic in nature F r eely sol u b l e i n wa t er bu t s l i g h tly sol u b l e in alcohol Chemical properties- In its v apour f orm , i t dis s oci a t e i n ammonia and hydrochloric acid NH 4 CI NH 3 + HCI

15. Storage condition- It should be stored in well closed container Uses- As Expectorant As Diuretics As systemic Acidifier

16. THANK YOU