Expectorant and Emetics

Expectorant and Emetics

1. EXPECTORANTS ANDEMETICS

2. EXPECTORANT
Thesearetheagentswhichenhancethesecretionof
sputumfromtrachea,bronchiorlungsandhencetheyare
usedintreatmentofcough.
OR
Theyarealsodefinedasagentthatfacilitatestheremoval
ofbroncho-pulmonarymucussecretionmembrane.

3. CLASSIFICATIONOFEXPECTORANTS
Based on MOA they are categorized into
two types:
1.Sedative expectorants
2.Stimulant expectorants

4. 1. SEDATIVEEXPECTORANTS
Thesearestomachirritantswhichare
abletoproducetheireffectthrough
stimulationofgastricreflux.E.g.bitter
drugsasIpecac,senega,andcompounds
suchasantimonypotassiumtartarate,
ammoniumchloride,potassiumiodide.

5. 2. STIMULANTEXPECTORANTS
Expectorantswhichbringaboutstimulationof
secretorycellsoftherespiratorytractdirectlyor
indirectlysincethesedrugsstimulatessecretion,
morefluidgetsproducedinrespiratorytractand
hencesputumisdiluted.E.g.Eucalyptusoil,Lemon,
AniseandTerpineoil.

6. POTASSIUMIODIDE
Mol.Formula_KI
Mol.Weight_166gm
Synonyms_Potide,KalliIodidum
Standard_Itcontainnotlessthan99%KIwith
referencetoadriedbasis
MOP_
a)LaboratoryMethod
b)IndustrialMethod

7. A)LABORATORYMETHOD
Preparedbytreatingslightexcessofiodinewitha
hotaqueoussolutionofPotassiumhydroxide.The
paleyellowsolutionisevaporatedtodrynessand
residueisheatedwithcharcoaltoreduceiodateto
iodide.
6KOH+3I
2 KIO
3+5KI+3H
2O
KIO
3+3C KI+3CO

8. B) INDUSTRIALMETHOD
Itcanbepreparedbyusingpotassiumcarbonate
andironfillings.Ironfillingareagitatedinthe
iodinesolutiontoformferroferriciodidewhich
onfurtherboilingwithconc.solutionof
potassiumcarbonategivespotassiumiodide.
4Fe+5I
2 2FeI
2.FeI
3
FeI
2.FeI
3+4K
2CO
3 8KI+FeO.FeO
3+4CO
2

9. PHYSICALPROPERTIES
White granular powder
Slightly hygroscopic in nature
Taste is saline and slight bitter
Soluble in water, glycerin and alcohol
On exposure to air, it become yellow

10. CHEMICALPROPERTIES
1.Withsilvernitrateitgivesyellowpptofsilveriodide
KI+AgNO
3 AgI(yellow)+KNO
3
2.Iodineiongetsoxidisedtoiodinewhentreatedwith
oxidisingagents
2I I+2e
-

11. Storagecondition-
Itshouldbestoredinwellclosedcontainer
Incompatibillity-
Itisincompatiblewithsaltofiron,bismuth,
mercury,potassiumchlorateandalkaloidalsalts.
Uses-
1.Asanexpectorant
2.Actassourceofiodineandpotassium
3.Intreatmentofgoiter
4.Useassalinediuretics
5.Asanti-fungalagentinveterinarypractices

12. AMMONIUMCHLORIDE
MolecularFormula-NH
4CI
Molecularweight-53.49g
Synonyms-Salmiac,Amchlor
Standard-containsNLT99.5%ofammoniumchloride
calculatedwithreferencetodriedsubstance
MethodofPreparation-
1.Byneutralizinghydrochloricacidwithammonia
NH
3+HCI NH
4CI
2.Byammoniumsulphatewithsodiumchloride
2NaCl+(NH
4)
2SO
4 2NH
3+2HCl+Na
2SO
4
2NH
3+2HCl 2NH
4CI

13. PhysicalProperties-
1.White,finecrystallinepowder
2.Odourlessandcoolingsalinetaste
3.Hygroscopicinnature
4.Freelysolubleinwaterbutslightlysolublein
alcohol
Chemicalproperties-
Initsvapourform,itdissociateinammonia
andhydrochloricacid
NH
4CI NH
3+HCI

14. Storagecondition-
Itshouldbestoredinwellclosedcontainer
Uses-
1.AsExpectorant
2.AsDiuretics
3.AssystemicAcidifier

15. EMETICS
Emeticsaretheagentswhichwhen
administeredorallyorbyinjectioninduce
inducethevomiting
Mechanismofaction-
1.Bystimulationofchemoreceptortriggerzone
2.Byrefluxlyproducingirritationong.i.t.tract

16. COPPERSULPHATE
Molecularformula-CuSO
4.H
2O
Molecularweight-249.7g
Synonym-Bluevitriol,Cupricsulphate
Standard-containsNLT98.5%andNMT100.5%
calculatedwithreferencetothedriedsubstance
Physicalproperties-
1.Deepbluecrystalsofpentahydrateingranulesor
powderform
2.solubleinwaterinsolubleinalcohol
3.Acidic in nature

17. METHODOFPREPARATION
Two step reaction-
1.Copper granules are heated with sulphur, a mixture of
copper sulphate and cupric oxide is obtained. Solution
is filtered to separate copper sulphate crystals.
2.in second step residue CuO is again treated with dil.
Sulphuric acid to convert into copper sulphate.
3Cu + S CuSO
4+2CuO
dil.HCI
2CuSO
4.H
2O

18. STORAGECONDITION-
Itmustbeprotectedfromair,heatand
moisture
Incompatibility-
Ithasbeenincompatiblewithalkalis,
phosphates, propylene glycol
sulphathiaole

19. USES-
usedasanemetic
Useaschemicalantidoteinphosphorus
poisoning
Externallyusedasastringentsandfungicidal
AsaningredientinBenedictsandFehling's
reagents
Useinpreparationofabsolutealcohol

20. THANK YOU