ExploringReligionsofOurWorld-PowerPoints-Chapter_5.ppt

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1. Exploring the Religions Exploring the Religions
of Our Worldof Our World
Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism

2. Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
The BasicsThe Basics
•95% of Hindus live in India95% of Hindus live in India
•Hinduism Hinduism emerged emerged as a religion, it did not as a religion, it did not
begin with a founder or particular eventbegin with a founder or particular event
•Hinduism shares no doctrinal statementsHinduism shares no doctrinal statements
•Hindus hold that no one religion can possibly Hindus hold that no one religion can possibly
claim knowledge of absolute truth claim knowledge of absolute truth

3. Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
Periods of Hindu HistoryPeriods of Hindu History
Pages 184-185Pages 184-185

4. Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
HistoryHistory (continued) (continued)
Major developments of:Major developments of:
The Indus Valley PeriodThe Indus Valley Period (3000-1500 BCE) (3000-1500 BCE)
•emphasis on ritual purityemphasis on ritual purity
•focus on fertility and regenerationfocus on fertility and regeneration
•the practice of meditationthe practice of meditation
•emphasis on peacefulnessemphasis on peacefulness

5. Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
History History (continued)(continued)
Major developments of: Major developments of:
The Brahminical PeriodThe Brahminical Period (1500-300 BCE) (1500-300 BCE)
•ritual sacrifices by the Brahmins (priests)ritual sacrifices by the Brahmins (priests)
•home ritual sacrificeshome ritual sacrifices
•gurus (teachers) train disciples in personal gurus (teachers) train disciples in personal
devotion to the godsdevotion to the gods
•the gods Shiva and Vishnu gain in prominencethe gods Shiva and Vishnu gain in prominence
•rise of ascetical practicesrise of ascetical practices

6. Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
History History (continued)(continued)
Major developments of:Major developments of:
The Classical PeriodThe Classical Period (300-1200 CE) (300-1200 CE)
•establishment of Hindu templesestablishment of Hindu temples
•growth of home-based ritualsgrowth of home-based rituals
•the the VedasVedas become the authoritative scripture become the authoritative scripture
•emphasis shifts from the transcendent to the immanentemphasis shifts from the transcendent to the immanent
•emphasis on personal transformation emphasis on personal transformation
•the concepts of karma and reincarnation emergethe concepts of karma and reincarnation emerge
•the evolution of the caste systemthe evolution of the caste system

7. Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
History History (continued)(continued)
Jainism:Jainism:
•founded by Mahavira in the sixth century founded by Mahavira in the sixth century
BCEBCE
•contains elements of Hinduism and Buddhismcontains elements of Hinduism and Buddhism
•practice non-violence or non-injurypractice non-violence or non-injury

8. Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
Sacred Stories and Sacred ScripturesSacred Stories and Sacred Scriptures
Shruti ScripturesShruti Scriptures (the most sacred) (the most sacred)
TheThe
HolyHoly
VedascVedasc
1. 1. Rig VedaRig Veda - hymns to various gods - hymns to various gods
2. 2. Soma VedaSoma Veda - hymns chanted at - hymns chanted at
sacrifices sacrifices
3. 3. Yajur VedaYajur Veda - instructions for priests - instructions for priests
regarding sacrifices regarding sacrifices
4. 4. Atharva VedaAtharva Veda - hymns, charms, spells - hymns, charms, spells
and incantations for domestic useand incantations for domestic use
TheThe
VedasVedas

9. TheThe
UpanishadsUpanishads
Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
Sacred Stories and Sacred ScripturesSacred Stories and Sacred Scriptures (continued)(continued)
Shruti ScripturesShruti Scriptures – also… – also…
TheThe
UpanishadsUpanishads
concerned with the cycle of concerned with the cycle of
rebirth rebirth
the mystical relationship the mystical relationship
between between BrahmanBrahman (Ultimate (Ultimate
Reality) and Reality) and atmonatmon (soul) (soul)
often shared in a dialogue often shared in a dialogue
between guru and studentbetween guru and student

10. PuranasPuranasMahabharataMahabharata
Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
MahabharataMahabharata
PuranasPuranas
a Hindu epic poema Hindu epic poem
stories of the gods:stories of the gods:
Brahma, Vishnu, ShivaBrahma, Vishnu, Shiva
Sacred Stories and Sacred ScripturesSacred Stories and Sacred Scriptures (continued)(continued)
Smriti ScripturesSmriti Scriptures

11. Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
Beliefs and PracticesBeliefs and Practices
MostMost Hindus hold these beliefs in common: Hindus hold these beliefs in common:
millions ofmillions of
gods andgods and
goddessesgoddesses
the cycle ofthe cycle of
rebirthrebirth
the sacrednessthe sacredness
of lifeof life
the castethe caste
systemsystem
the four stagesthe four stages
of lifeof life

12. is the life-is the life-
force of theforce of the
universeuniverse
includes every-includes every-
thing materialthing material
and immaterialand immaterial
is manifestedis manifested
in gods andin gods and
goddessesgoddesses
has nohas no
attributesattributes
isis
transcendenttranscendent
cannot becannot be
grasped bygrasped by
the five sensesthe five senses
Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
Beliefs and PracticesBeliefs and Practices (continued)(continued)
Brahman Brahman
= one Ultimate Reality or Absolute Reality which: = one Ultimate Reality or Absolute Reality which:

13. Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
Beliefs and PracticesBeliefs and Practices (continued)(continued)
An An avataravatar is the incarnation of a god or goddess is the incarnation of a god or goddess
e.g. Krishna and Ramae.g. Krishna and Rama
3 primary3 primary
forms of forms of
BrahmanBrahman
1. 1. BrahmaBrahma is the Creator god is the Creator god
2. 2. VishnuVishnu is the Preserving god is the Preserving god
3. 3. ShivaShiva is the Destroying god is the Destroying god

14. Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
Beliefs and PracticesBeliefs and Practices (continued)(continued)
Atman:Atman:
•is the “real self” (mind, body, and emotions is the “real self” (mind, body, and emotions
are “maya” or illusions)are “maya” or illusions)
•Hindus strive for release from maya in order Hindus strive for release from maya in order
to achieve union with Brahman/atmanto achieve union with Brahman/atman
•Moksha (liberation) is achieved through Moksha (liberation) is achieved through
rigorous physical and mental discipline rigorous physical and mental discipline

15. Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
Beliefs and PracticesBeliefs and Practices (continued)(continued)
SamsaraSamsara - the cycle of rebirth - the cycle of rebirth
birthbirth deathdeath
rebirthrebirth
karmakarma
breaking the cyclebreaking the cycle::
 knowledgeknowledge
 good deedsgood deeds
 devotiondevotion

16. Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
Beliefs and PracticesBeliefs and Practices (continued)(continued)
The major pursuits of life:The major pursuits of life:
Dharma Dharma
one’s duties in life, one’s duties in life,
especially as dictatedespecially as dictated
by casteby caste
ArthaArtha
pursuit of bothpursuit of both
material andmaterial and
political wealthpolitical wealth
KamaKama
pursuit of artistic, pursuit of artistic,
recreational, and recreational, and
sensual pleasuresensual pleasure
MokshaMoksha
pursuit of liberationpursuit of liberation
from the cycle offrom the cycle of
rebirth through rebirth through
actions, thoughts, actions, thoughts,
and devotionsand devotions

17. Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
SikhismSikhism
•a blending of Hinduism and Islama blending of Hinduism and Islam
•is monotheistic is monotheistic
•beliefsbeliefs: karma, samsara, moksha, equality: karma, samsara, moksha, equality
•rejectsrejects: caste system, idol worship: caste system, idol worship
•signs of devotionsigns of devotion: unshorn hair, comb, short pants, steel bracelet, short sword: unshorn hair, comb, short pants, steel bracelet, short sword
•many have a desire to found and establish their own homelandmany have a desire to found and establish their own homeland

18. Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
Sacred Places and Sacred SpacesSacred Places and Sacred Spaces
templestemples
many images ofmany images of
gods/goddessesgods/goddesses
home shrineshome shrines
many images ofmany images of
gods/goddessesgods/goddesses
Ganges RiverGanges River
symbol of life w/o endsymbol of life w/o end
ritual bathingritual bathing
pujapuja
honoring the godshonoring the gods

19. Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
Hinduism through a Catholic LensHinduism through a Catholic Lens
Similarities:Similarities:
•toleration of religious diversitytoleration of religious diversity
•pursuing social issuespursuing social issues
•honoring Jesus and his teachingshonoring Jesus and his teachings
•the tradition of depicting and venerating the tradition of depicting and venerating
religious imagesreligious images

20. Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
Hinduism through a Catholic LensHinduism through a Catholic Lens (continued)(continued)
Differences:Differences:
•karmakarma
•reincarnationreincarnation
•the caste systemthe caste system
•Jesus as the one and only incarnation of GodJesus as the one and only incarnation of God

21. Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism

BrahminsBrahmins

shrutishruti

gurusgurus

bhaktibhakti

SanskritSanskrit

karmakarma

caste systemcaste system

mantramantra

Hare KrishnasHare Krishnas

AvatarAvatar

BrahmanBrahman

transcendenttranscendent

AtmanAtman

mayamaya

samsarasamsara

yogayoga

satyagrahasatyagraha

pujapuja

iconoclasmiconoclasm

devasdevas
VocabularyVocabulary