EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY

EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY

1. EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY PRESENTED BY – Dr.ANKITA RAJ (MDS Reader) Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Department Rama Dental College, Kanpur

2. CONTENT - - OVERVIEW ON CAROTID ARTERIES -LEFT AND RIGHT COMMON CAROTID ARTERIES -BRANCHES OF EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY -DISTRIBUTIONS OF BRANCHES -CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS - CONCLUSION

3. OVERVIEW ON CAROTID ARTERIES-

4. COMMON CAROTID ARTERY RIGHT COMMON CAROTID- It is a branch of brachiocephalic artery. It begins in the neck behind the right sternoclavicular joint. LEFT COMMON CAROTID- It is the branch of arch of aorta .

5. INTRODUCTION EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY It is one of the terminal branch of common carotid artery. It lies anterior to the internal carotid artery. It is a chief arterial supply to the front of neck and face .

6. BRANCHES OF EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY 1. ANTERIOR . SUPERIOR THYROID . LINGUAL .FACIAL 2. POSTERIOR . OCCIPITAL .POSTERIOR AURICULAR 3 . MEDIAL . ASCENDING PHARYNGEAL 4. TERMINAL . MAXILLARY .SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL

7. ANTERIOR BRANCHES

8. SUPERIOR THYROID ARTERY ORIGIN - It arises from the front of external carotid artery below the tip of greater cornua of hyoid bone It passes deep into the three infrahyoid muscles which are- omohyoid, sternohyoid and sternothyroid and reaches the upper lobe of thyroid.

9. LINGUAL ARTERY

10. LINGUAL ARTERY ORIGIN - The lingual artery arises from the external carotid artery opposite the tip of greater cornua of hyoid bone. BRANCHES- DORSAL LINGUAL ARTERY- Supplies the posterior part of tongue. SUBLINGUAL ARTERY- Supplies the sublingual gland. DEEP LINGUAL ARTERY- Supplies the tip of the tongue

11. FACIAL ARTERY ORIGIN- Arises from the external carotid just above the tip of the greater cornua of hyoid bone . COURSE- - Runs upwards in neck as cervical part and in the face as facial part. -The course of artery in both the places are tortuous. -The tortuosity in neck allows free movement of the pharynx during deglutition. -On face it allows free movement of the mandible, lip and cheek during mastication and various facial expression.

12. BRANCHES OF FACIAL PART 1. Inferior labial- to lower lip 2. Superior labial- to the upper lip and anteroinferior part of nasal septum 3. Lateral nasal – to the ala and dorsum of nose. 4. Angular Artery- medial corner of eye

13. BRANCH OF CERVICAL PART ASCENDING PALATINE ARTERY- It supplies the tonsil and root of the tongue TONSILLAR BRANCH- It supplies the palatine tonsil . SUBMENTAL ARTERY- It supplies the submental triangle and sublingual salivary gland. GLANDULAR BRANCHES – Supply the submaxillary gland and lymph nodes

14. POSTERIOR BRANCHES

15. OCCIPITAL ARTERY ORIGIN - Arises in carotid triangle from the posterior aspect of external carotid artery, opposite the origin of facial artery. * In the carotid triangle the artery gives of two sternocleidomastoid branches. - the upper branch accompanies the accessory nerve - the lower branch arises near the origin of occipital artery. *In the superficial fascia of scalp it has a tortuous course. Its branches in this region are- 1.MASTOID 2. MENINGEAL 3. MUSCULAR

16. POSTERIOR AURICULAR ARTERY ORIGIN- It arises from the posterior aspect of the external carotid artery just above the posterior belly of digastric. *It supplies the back of the auricle, the skin over the mastoid process and over the back of scalp.

17. MEDIAL BRANCH

18. ASCENDING PHARYNGEAL ARTERY This the smallest branch that arises from the medial side of the external carotid artery. It arises very close to the lower end of external carotid artery. - It runs vertically upwards between the side wall of pharynx, the tonsil, medial wall of middle ear and the auditory tube.

19. TERMINAL BRANCH

20. MAXILLARY ARTERY This the largest terminal branch of the external carotid artery. It has a wide territory of distribution and supplies- 1. `THE EXTERNAL AND MIDDLE EARS 2. THE DURA MATER 3. THE UPPER AND LOWER JAWS WITH THEIR TEETH 4. THE MUSCLES OF TEMPORAL AND INFRATEMPORAL REGIONS 5. THE NOSE AND PARANASAL AIR SINUSES 6. THE PALATE 7. THE ROOF OF THE PHARYNX

21. COURSE The maxillary artery is divided into three parts 1. The first part is the MANDIBULAR PART. 2. The second part is the PTERYGOID 3. The third part is the PTERYGOPALATINE

22. BRANCHES OF THE FIRST PART (MANDIBULAR ) 1. DEEP AURICULAR ARTERY 2. ANTERIOR TYMPANIC 3. MIDDLE MENINGEAL 4. ACCESSORY MENINGEAL 5. INFERIOR ALVEOLAR BRANCHES OF SECOND PART (PTERYGOID) 1. MASSETERIC 2. DEEP TEMPORAL 3. PTERYGOID 4. BUCCAL BRANCHES OF THE THIRD PART (PTERYGOPALATINE ) 1. POSTERIOR SUPERIOR ALVEOLAR 2. INFRAORBITAL 3. GREATER PALATINE 4. PHARYNGEAL 5. ARTERY OF PTERYGOID CANAL 6. SPHENOPALATINE

23. SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL ARTERY 1. It is the smallest terminal branch of the external carotid artery. It begins behind the neck of the mandible under cover of the parotid gland. 2. It supplies- - the temple - the scalp - the parotid gland - the auricle - the facial muscles 3. It also gives of transverse facial artery and middle temporal artery.

24. CLINICAL CONSIDERATION HEMATOMA: - The effusion of blood into the extravascular spaces. CAUSE: - Large hematoma may result from either arterial or venous puncture following posterior superior alveolar or inferior alveolar nerve block. MANAGEMENT - IMMEDIATE- when swelling becomes evident during or immediately following a local anesthesic injection direct pressure should be applied. Pressure should be applied for not less than 2 minutes.

25. INFECTION OF MAXILLARY SINUS ODONTOGENIC SINUSITIS It is the inflammation of mucosa of any paranasal sinuses. CAUSES - Infectious- bacterial, fungal, viral -Non infectious- allergy - Surgery or trauma MANAGEMENT 1. Extraction of the offending teeth caries. 2. antimicrobials – macrolides- erythromycin, broad spectrum antibiotics such as augmentin , amoxcillin

26. EPISTAXIS (NOSE BLEED) Refers to nose bleed or haemorrhage from the nose. Two types based on location. Treatment to be considered include topical vasoconstriction, , chemical cautery, electrocautery, nasal packing (nasal tempon or gauze impregnated with petroleum jelly), posterior gauze packing, and arterial ligation or embolization.

27. CONCLUSION The external carotid artery is a major artery of head and neck. It arises from the common carotid artery it splits into external and internal arteries. External carotid artery supplies blood to face as well as neck.