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2. DISSERTATION PRESENTATION
RITEE COLLEGE OF NURSING,
RAIPUR, (C.G.)
GUIDED BY:
Mrs. Bhupeshwari
Asst. Professor
M.Sc. (N)
Dept. of Mental Health Nursing
PRESENTED BY:
Miss Anisha Madhuri Beck
M.Sc. (N) 2
nd
Year
Enrolment No.: M-7/06689
Roll No.: 22514640
EXTERNAL EXAMINER

3. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Children are free from anxiety and other hospital related stress and also,
they learn colours, numbers, sizes and shapes through play. That is by
making handicrafts/ origami like paper boat, airplanes, fortune-teller
etc., and the child enhance their creative skills and get diverted from
their illness and parental separation. Divisional activity of making paper
toys/ origami is a range of voluntary and motivated activities which
creates pleasure and enjoyments in children. Divisional activity is
always associated with child's level of activity and also influences the
children's higher functioning. This is also associated with cognitive
development and socialization and always promotes learning and also
incorporates several behavioural changes in children. Modern findings
in neuroscience suggest that play promotes flexibility of mind, which
includes adaptive practices such as creating multiple ways to achieve a
desired result or creative ways to improve or recognize a given
situation.

4. INTRODUCTION
The term origami /handicraft are most frequently used for the art
and craft. Art and craft work is not only a matter of happy but also
creating useful as well as creative work for people, using natural
materials and traditional techniques. The history of handicraft is
almost 5000 years old. So, by giving creative activities like
origami/handcrafts that is, making paper toys will motivate them in
using their creativity and also to divert the mind and help them to be
happy in hospital environment.
Children are free from anxiety and other hospital related stress and also
they learn colours, numbers, sizes and shapes through play.

5. NEED OF THE STUDY
•Bibin Raj (2016) findings of the study showed that, 60% of Children had
very High level of anxiety and 40% of them had high level of anxiety. Pooja.S
(2017) reported that 76.7% of children had severe anxiety and 23.3% of children
had mild to moderate level of anxiety.
•A report published by American Academy of Pediatrics (9.10.06) the
importance of play in promoting healthy child development and maintaining
strong parent- child bonds-Mother play an important role because the child feels
more secure and confident in the presence of mother. Play brings you closer to
your child. It helps them to become more independent.
•Helen.N, Sharmila. P (2019) findings of the study showed that, the pre-
test level of anxiety score among samples in experimental group was 33.2 and
that of Control group was 31.75. After implementing the Origami among samples
in experimental group was 28.9 and that of control group (Routine care) was
30.9, hence the findings of the study concluded that administering origami is an
effective intervention in reducing the level of hospitalized anxiety.

6. PROBLEM STATEMENT
•A quasi-experimental study to assess the effectiveness of origami
crafts on test anxiety reduction among children in selected hospital,
Raipur Chhattisgarh.

7. OBJECTIVES
1.To assess pre-test and post-test level of anxiety among hospitalized
children in experimental and control group
2.To determine the effectiveness of Origami in reducing anxiety level
of hospitalized children in experimental group.
3.To compare the pre and post-test level of anxiety among hospitalized
children in control group.
4.To compare the post-test level of anxiety among hospitalized children
in experimental and control group
5.To find the association between pre-test level of anxiety among
hospitalized children in experimental and control group with selected
demographic variables.

8. HYPOTHESIS
•H1: There will be a significant difference between the pre- and
post- test level of anxiety among hospitalized children in
experimental and control group.
•H2: There will be a significant association between pre-test level
of Anxiety among hospitalized children in experimental and control
group with selected demographic variables.

9. OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
EFFECTIVENESS
In this study effectiveness refers to the positive outcome of origami on
anxiety among hospitalized children as measured by Behavioral
observational checklist on hospitalized anxiety.

10. ORIGAMI
Origami also called paper folding, art of folding objects
out of paper to create both two-dimensional and three-
dimensional subjects. In this study, origami refers to an
art of folding paper into decorate figures as of fish,
jumping frog, Tulip Flower, Wind mill, Paper Flower,
Dog, Butterfly, Rose, and Lotus by the children as per
investigator guidelines.

11. ANXIETY
In this study it refers to the child reaction during
vocalization, gaze behaviour, reaction to therapeutic
procedures and reaction related to loss of control as
measured by Behavioural observational checklist on
hospitalized anxiety.

12. HOSPITALIZED CHILDREN
In this study refers to children admitted to the
paediatric ward, between the age group of 6-10
years.

13. ASSUMPTIONS
•Level of anxiety may differ in between male and
female child.
•Majority of the children staying at hospital may have
different level of anxiety.
•Origami craft may bring Reduction in the level of
anxiety among hospitalised child.

14. DELIMITATION
•The study is delimited to
➢Children who are admitted in paediatric ward and children who are
available at the time of data collection.
➢6-10 years children
➢those who are anxious
➢Observation of the children by the investigator only during day time.
➢the interventions are given only when the child is interested
➢Hospitalized children and their mothers who are willing to participate
in the study
➢Data collection period is limited to 1 month

15. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The conceptual framework for this study adopted from
Health belief model was one of the first model that
adapted theory of behaviour sciences to health problem.
The health belief model was developed in 1950s by social
psychologists Becker’s Health Belief Model working in
the U.S. Public health service. This theory is two kye
benefit perceived susceptibility to health problem and
perceived benefit. Theoretical framework is the overall
conceptual framework understanding of the study. Every
study has a framework. In a study based on theory, the
framework is referred to as theoretical framework.

16. MODIFYING FACTOR
INDIVIDUAL
PERCEPTION
LIKELIHOOD OF ACTION
Sociodemographic variables
of child
✓Age
✓Sex of the child
✓Birth order of the child
✓Area of residence
✓Type of family
✓Family income
✓Religion
✓Number of siblings
Threat
Area of perception
to assess the reaction during vocalization
gaze behaviour
reaction to therapeutic procedure
reaction related to loss of control
Expectation
Perceived benefit
✓Mild level of anxiety
Level of criteria
Mild
Moderate
Severe
FEEDBACK
FIGURE 1.1 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK BASED ON BECKER’S HEALTH BELIEF MODEL

17. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
In this study the relevant literature reviewed has been
organized and presented under the following headings:
➢Studies related to anxiety among hospitalized
children
➢Studies related to the effectiveness of origami on
anxiety among hospitalized children

18. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH APPROACH
•Research approach is a systematic, objective method of discovery with
empirical and rigorous control. The control is achieved by holding
condition and varying only the phenomenon under study.
•According to Tablot LA " Research approach indicated the procedure
for conducting the study”
•The research approach adopted for the present study was "Quasi
experimental research approach". descriptive method research is a
methodology for conducting research that i involves collecting,
analysing the quantitative data.
•Quantitative analysis consists of statistically analysing scores collected
on instruction to answer research question or to test hypotheses.

19. CONT.
RESEARCH DESIGN
•The research design is the backbone or the structure of
the study. It provides ai framework that supports the
hold it holds it together. Hungler BP stated that ai
research design incorporates the most important
methodological decision that al researcher makes in
conducting a research study. The research design helps
the researcher in selection of the subjects for
observation and determines the types of analysis to use
to interpret the data.
•In the present study research design used is quasi
experimental research design

21. CONT…
SETTING OF THE STUDY:
•According to Hunglar BP “The selection of
appropriate setting is important because the
setting can influence the way people behave or
feel and how they respond". The researcher
needs to decide where the intervention will be
implementing and where the data will be
collected.
•The setting for the present study was selected
hospital Raipur C.G.)

22. CONT..
VARIABES
•Variables are properties or characteristics of
person, think or situation that change or vary.
•According to Polit and Hungler: “A Variable is
as the name implies something is an attribute
of a person or object that varies that is it take
on different values.”

23. CONT..
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES
•According to Basavanthappa BT (1975) “Independent
variable is the condition on characteristics that the
experimenter manipulates or control in her attempts to
ascertain their relationships to observe phenomenon.” This
study independence variables of anxiety reduction
.
DEPENDENT VARIABLES:
•“Dependent variables are the condition or a characteristic
that appears disappears or change as the experimenter
introduce removes, or change independent variables. This
study dependence variables of anxiety reduction among
children.

24. CONT..
POPULATION:
• The entire set of individual or object having some common
characteristics, select for research study, sometime referred
to as the universe of research study.
•Target population: - the entire population in which the
researchers are interested and to which they would like to
generalize the research finding. The target population of this
study is children.
•Accessible population: - The accessible population of this
study is the This study dependence variables of anxiety
reduction among children.

25. CONT..
SAMPLE:
According to Polit & Hungler (1991) the sample is a
subset of population selected to participate in all
research study. It refers to process of selecting a portion
of population to represent entire population.
According to polit & Hungler convenient sampling is
selected of most readily available person as participants
in study.
Sample in the study will be to assess the effectiveness
of origami crafts on test anxiety reduction among
children in selected hospital Raipur (C.G.)

26. CONT..
➢SAMPLE SIZE:
•According to Talbot LA “a sample is proportion of the
population that has been selected to represent the population
of the interest”.
•For the present study, A total of 60 children in selected
hospital Raipur (C.G.)
➢SAMPLING TECHNIQUE:
•According to Polit and Hungler (1999) Infer that sampling
refers to the process of selecting a portion of population to
present the entire population.
• A representative sample was selected by using non-
probability purposive sampling from the population of 60
children in selected hospital Raipur (C.G.).

27. CONT…
DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOOLS
Tool was selected after extensive literature
review from the various text book, internet
search, guidance and discussion with experts
in the field of nursing and psychiatry. A
structured questionnaire was used to collect
data from the all knowledge regarding level of
prevention anxiety reduction among children
in selected hospital Raipur (C.G.).

28. CONT…
LIMITATIONS:
1. The study is limited to selected hospital
located in Raipur City.
2. The study is among children in selected
hospital Raipur (C.G.) who are willing to
participate.
3. The study is limited to the data collected using
structured tool.

29. CONT..
DESCRIPTION OF TOOLS
Tool are the instrument used by the researcher to collect the
data. It should as an appropriate means to collect measure
what the investigator actually wants to gate.
The tools used in the study are: -
Section A- structure questionnaire to assess socio demographic
variable.
Section B- Self Structured Questionnaire to assess the
effectiveness of origami crafts on test anxiety reduction
among children in selected hospital Raipur (C.G.)

30. Cont…
•The response was scored in 3 level to assess
the effectiveness of origami crafts on test
anxiety reduction among children.
➢ Mild
➢ Moderate
➢ Severe

31. CONT..
•ADMINISTRATION OF TOOL FOR DATA COLLECTION
• Data has been collected after getting permission from DR.
Balakrishnan p. Principal of RITEE COLLEGE OF NURSING
RAIPUR C.G. Formal permission was obtained from the concern
Director/Head of selected hospital in Raipur (C.G.) The data
collection was done in the month of October 28/10/2023 the study
was collected in the following manner:
•Self- introduction and establishment of rapport with the subject.
•Objective of study were discussed and consent for participation in
the study was taken from the selected subject, the investigator
assured the subjects about the confidentiality of the data
•Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used for the
selection of the subjects for quantitative data collection.

32. CONT..
•PILOT STUDY
•According to Treece JW, "Pilot study is the miniature
trail run of the methodology, planned for major project,
The purpose of the study is to study the feasibility and
the practicability of research studly, to assess the
availability of study and to assess the validity and
reliability of the research tools.
•After obtaining permission from the director/head of
the CHC DHARSIWA selected hospital Raipur (C.G).
The pilot study was conducted in the month of October
Following step were adopted for the study.

33. CONT..
•Objective of the pilot study
•To test the research methodology
•To find out the reliability of the tool
•To find out the practicability of the tool
•To analyses and interpreted the data from the
pilot study

34. CONT..
•Finding of the pilot study
•Data analysis was done using descriptive and
inferential statistic. The reliability of the
questionnaire was determined by split-half
method. The reliability of the tool was found to
be the study was feasible and the tool had no
major flaws.

35. CONT..
•METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
•Ethical consideration:
•The study was conducted after approval of the
dissertation committee. A written permission was
obtained from the concerned authority of the selected
hospital, Raipur. The purpose and nature of the study
were explained to each subject and obtained the oral
consent. Subjects were also informed about the origami
crafts after interaction from the hospitalized children.
Confidentiality and anonymity of the study was
maintained throughout the study.

36. ORGANIZATION OF FINDINGS
The data were presented under following section:
SECTION – I
Distribution of study subjects according to sociodemographic variables using frequency and
percentage.
SECTION – II
Analysis of post-test and post-test knowledge score of level of anxiety among hospitalized
children in experimental and control group by using frequency, percentage, mean, mean
percentage and SD
SECTION – III
Analysis of effectiveness of origami crafts by using “t” of test anxiety reduction.
SECTION – IV
Analysis of compare the pre and post-test level of anxiety among hospitalized children in
Experimental group
Analysis of compare the post-test level of anxiety among hospitalized children in experimental
and control group
SECTION – V
Chi-square analysis to find out association between the pretest knowledge score with their socio-
demographic.

37. SECTION-A
Distribution of subject according to the socio demographic variables.
Table1: Depicts that out of experimental group 30 participated in the present study, n=18 (60%) belonged to the age
group below 6-8 years, n=12 (40%) in 9-10 years. Control group 30 participated in the present study, n=16 (53.33%)
belonged to the age group below 6-8 years, n=14 (46.66%) in 9-10 years.

40. Table 4 (fig 3.4) the experimental group belong that is 50% who had participated in the belong were nuclear family, 40% were joint family,
3.33% participate in the belong to extended family, 6.67 participate in the belong to separated family and the control group belong that is
46.66% who had participated in the belong were nuclear family, 43.33% were joint family, 6.66% participate in the belong to extended
family and 3.33% participate in the belong were separated.

41. Table 4 (fig 3.5) the experimental group belong that is 33.33% who had participated in the study were income below 5000/-, 20% were 5001-10000/-, 16.66%
participate in the study were income 10001-15000 and 15001-20000, only 13.33% had income above 20001/-. And the control group belong that is 36.33% who
had participated in the study were income below 5000/-, 16.66% were 5001-10000/-, 13.33% participate in the study were income 10001-15000 and 23.33%
participant income 15001-20000, only 6.66% had income above 20001/-.

45. SECTION-II
Table no 9
Analysis of post-test and post-test knowledge score of level of anxiety among hospitalized
children in experimental by using frequency, percentage

47. SECTION-III
TABLE NO. 11
Analysis of effectiveness of origami crafts by using “t” of test anxiety reduction

48. SECTION-IV
TABLE NO. 12
Analysis of compare the pre and post-test level of anxiety among hospitalized
children in Experimental group

49. TABLE NO. 13
Analysis of compare the pre and post-test level of anxiety among hospitalized
children in control group

50. SECTION -V
Chi-square analysis to find out association between the pretest knowledge
score with their socio-demographic
S.
No.
Socio
demographi
c variables
Pre-test Total Chi-
squar
e
value
DfInference
Mild Moderate Severe
1 Age group
(years)
17 17 26
60
2.782 Not
significant
2 Gender 17 17 26 13.482Significant
3 Birth order
of child
17 17 26 7.216Not
Significant
4 Family type 17 17 26 14.246Significant
5 Religion 17 17 26 7.456 Not
significant
6 Financial
background
17 17 26 10.216 Not
Significant
7 Number of
siblings
17 17 26 18.674Significant
8 Area of
residence
17 17 26 9.052Significant
Table 14 shows that there is significant association While the chi - square value of gender, family type, number of siblings, area of residence
13.48, 14.24, 18.67, 9.05 respectively which is more than tabulated value 12.59, 9.49,5.99 at the degree of freedom 6,4,2 So H1 hypothesis is
accepted with regards to knowledge. Hence there is no significant while the chi- square value of age in year, birth order of child, religion, 2.78 and
7.21, 7.45 association between above stated socio demographic variables with pretest knowledge regarding anxiety reduction among child So H2
hypothesis is rejected with regards to knowledge.

51. SUMMARY
The study was conducted the topic of
assess the effectiveness of origami-crafts
on test anxiety reduction among children
in selected hospital of Raipur,
Chhattisgarh. The total sample was 60.
Purposive sampling techniques was used
in the study.

52. CONCLUSION
A quasi-experimental study was conducted to assess the effectiveness
of origami-crafts on test anxiety reduction among children.
On the basis of the finding of the present study the following
conclusion was drawn.
Table 9 (Figure3.9):Depicts that among 30 subjects of experimental
group in pretest 10 (33.33%) mild level of anxiety, 09 (30%) are
having moderate, 11(36.66%) have a severe level of anxiety and
post-test 18 (60%) mild level of anxiety, 07 (23.33%) are having
moderate, 05(16.66%) have a severe level of anxiety Table 10
(Figure3.10):Depicts that among 30 subjects of control group in
pretest 07 (23.33%) mild level of anxiety, 08 (26.66%) are having
moderate, 15 (50%) have a severe level of anxiety and post-test 17
(56.66%) mild level of anxiety, 07 (23.33%) are having moderate,
06(20%) have a severe level of anxiety

53. Table 14 shows that there is significant association While the chi -
square value of gender, family type, number of siblings, area of
residence 13.48, 14.24, 18.67, 9.05 respectively which is more than
tabulated value 12.59, 9.49,5.99 at the degree of freedom 6,4,2 So
H1 hypothesis is accepted with regards to knowledge. Hence
there is no significant while the chi- square value of age in year,
birth order of child, religion, in hospital 2.78 and 7.21 and 7.45
association between above stated socio demographic variables with
pre-test knowledge regarding anxiety reduction among child So H2
hypothesis is rejected with regards to knowledge.

54. IMPLICATION
The finding of the study has implications for
nursing education, nursing practice, nursing
research and nursing administration.
IMPLICATION OF NURSING EDUCATION
• The nursing curriculum should consist of
knowledge and practice related anxiety
reduction.
• Nurses at the post-graduate and graduation
level need to develop skills in preparing health
teaching material of reduce anxiety.

55. NURSING PRACTICE
• Teacher should enhance their educational
knowledge.
• The finding of the study can be used to
bring about awareness among the ‟
knowledge regarding reduce anxiety which
will help in the improvement in the
students.

56. NURSING RESEARCH
• The finding of the study can be utilized for
conducting research on the knowledge
regarding anxiety among B.Sc. Nursing I
semester students.
• Future investigators can use the finding and
the methodology as reference material. It
highlights the area, which requires future
exploration.
• The suggestion and the recommendation can
be utilized by other researchers for conducting
further studies in the same field.

57. NURSING ADMINISTRATION
• The finding of the study reveals the need to
conduct an ongoing in-service education
program for the nurses who are working in
the clinical settings as well as in the
community. The in-service education
program should include both theoretical.
• This can also bring awareness among nurse
administrators of the need to provide
training to new staff nurses regarding
anxiety reduction.

58. •RECOMANDATION
•Measures which can be implemented for B.Sc. Nursing
students in order to improve their knowledge and
practice regarding anxiety reduction are:
•A similar study can be replicated for longer samples, in
different setting for making broad generalization
•A similar study can be done in the form of a
comparative study between urban and rural area.
•The Nursing school curriculum should include current
and more information to update the knowledge
regarding anxiety.
•The Nursing school curriculum should include current
and more information to update the knowledge
regarding anxiety