Extremely Detailed Water Treatment Proceses.ppt

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NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES
www.umb.no
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences P.D. Jenssen
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Water treatment processes
Petter D. Jenssen and Manoj Pandey**
•Professor, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB)
** Assistant professor, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
THT282 Introduction to sustainable water and sanitation

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NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES
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Department of Plant and
Environmental Sciences
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90% of the worlds wastewater does
not receive any treatment (Corcoran et al. 2010)
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen

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NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES
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Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences P.D. Jenssen
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Phosphorusis the major agent triggering
eutrophication (algeal blooms) in freshwaters

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The North Sea
Photo: R. Gjørven
Nitrogenis considered the main
element triggering eutrophication in
saltwater

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Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences P.D. Jenssen
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Green algae in a stream in
Norway at 1200 meters altitude

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NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES
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Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences P.D. Jenssen
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Nitrogencan cause algea
growth in freshwater in
alpine regions

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NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES
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Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences P.D. Jenssen
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DO less than 1 mg/l
BOD -250 mg
Kathmandu, Nepal
Dry season:
(Pandey et al. 2005)

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NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES
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Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences P.D. Jenssen
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DO less than 1 mg/l
BOD -250 mg
Kathmandu, Nepal
Dry season:
(Pandey et al. 2005)
Putrification

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Wastewater
treatment -
removal parameters
The objectives of sewage treatment will always
include the reduction of the concentration of at least
one of the below constituents:
Suspended solids;
Organic (biodegradable) material;
Nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous);
Pathogenic organisms (expressed as E. Coli)
Medicine residues, organic chemicals (POP´s)
Heavy metals
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen

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Methods of Removal
The contaminants in wastewater are removed by different
unit processes:
Physical (sedimetation, flotation, screening, filtration)
Biological (trickling filters, RBC, activated sludge)
Chemical (chemical precipitation, ozonation, chlorination)
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen

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Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen
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Wastewater Treatment –
Processes
Primary Secondary Tertiarary
Sludge treatment
Remove
organics and
ammonia
Remove
nutrients and
pathogens

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Methods of Removal
Physical Unit Processes (mainly primary)
Treatment methods in which the application of physical forces
predominates are known as physical unit operations. Typical unit
operations are:
–Screening
–Sedimentation
–Floatation
–Membrane filtration* (< 1um)
*Tertiary treatment
Salsnes
filter
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen

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Membrane Filter Technology (tertiary)
Sette inn egne bilder av membraner
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen

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Membrane Filter Technology
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen

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Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen
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Wastewater Treatment –
Processes
Primary Secondary Tertiarary
Sludge treatment
Remove
organics and
ammonia
Remove
nutrients and
pathogens

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www.umb.no
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Methods of Removal (Contd.)
Biological Unit Processes (mainly secondary)
The treatment method in which the removal of contaminants is
brought about by biological activity are known as biological unit
process. Some examples are:
–aerobic processes -presence of dissolved oxygen
•Biofilters
•Trickling filters
•Activated sludge
–anaerobic processes –absence of dissolved oxygen
•Denitrification (tertiary)
•Septic tanks
•Ponds
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen

18. Biofilter
Porous media
LWA
Diam: 2,5 mm
Surface area
> 5000m
2
/m
3
Bacteria on
LWA
surface

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Wastewater spraying over a biofilter
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Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen

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Biofilter: trickling filter (fixed biofilm)
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Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen

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Biofilter: Rotating biological
contactor -RBC (fixed biofilm)
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Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen

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Activated sludge at Ryaverket Gothenburg
700 000 pe
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen
Biological treatment: Activated sludge
(biofilm in suspension)

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Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen
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Wastewater Treatment -
Processes
Primary Secondary Tertiarary
Sludge treatment
Remove
organics and
ammonia
Remove
nutrients and
pathogens

24. NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES
www.umb.no
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Methods of Removal (Contd.)
Chemical Unit Process (tertiary)
Treatment methods in which the removal or conversion of
contaminants is brought about by the addition of chemicals or by
chemical reactions are known as chemical unit processes. Some of
the most common are:
–Precipitation (lime, Fe-of Al salts, Struvite formation)
–Adsorption
–Disinfection
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen

25. NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES
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Methods of Removal (Contd.)
Chemical Unit Process (tertiary)
Treatment methods in which the removal or conversion of
contaminants is brought about by the addition of chemicals or by
chemical reactions are known as chemical unit processes. Some of
the most common are:
–Precipitation
–Adsorption (Ion exchange)
–Disinfection
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen

26. NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES
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Methods of Removal (Contd.)
Chemical Unit Process (tertiary)
Treatment methods in which the removal or conversion of
contaminants is brought about by the addition of chemicals or by
chemical reactions are known as chemical unit processes. Some of
the most common are:
–Precipitation
–Adsorption
–Disinfection (chlorination, UV-light, Ozone)
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen

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Water and sludge treatment process at
Bekkelaget
Primary sludge
Buffertank
Buffer
SiloSilo
Bio sludge
Dewatering
Thickener
DigesterDigester
Biogas
Overflow
Magasin~35.000m
3
4000 l/s < Q < 6000 l/s
Sand, grit and
screenings FeSO
4
PAX-18
Activated
sludge
ClarifierPrimary Filter
PrecipitationPrimary
1900 l/s<Q< 4000 l/s
Q=1900 l/s
PAX-18
Q<1900 l/s
Biogas-
upgrading
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen

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NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES
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Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen
Removal efficiency %
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Parameter Primary Secondary Tertiary
SS 50 -80 80 -90 >90
BOD 20 -40 70 -90 >90
P <10 30 >90
N <10 30 70
E. Coli 1 log 2 -3 log 3 -5 (7)* logs
*with disinfection