Extrusion.ppt for future prospect and techniques

extrusion process and advantages and limitation

1. Extrusion

2. Extrusion
A continuous process by which moistened, expansible,
starchy, and/or proteinaceousmaterials are plasticized and
cooked by a combination of moisture, pressure, temperature,
and mechanical shear.
Extruder
A tool used to introduce thermal and mechanical energy to
food and feed ingredients, forcing the basic components of the
ingredients, such as starch and protein, to undergo chemical
and physical changes and form a predetermined shape

3. Cross sectional view of a extruder

4. Extrusion cooking is a modern high temperature short
time processing
Purpose of extrusion cooking are as follows
•Sterilization
•Expansion
•Dehydration
•Stabilization
Extrusion cooking

5. Firstgeneration SecondgenerationThirdgeneration
Products from baking
and confectionary,
particularly cake
frosting industry.
Different
formulation
Different types of
grains and seeds
such as cornmeal,
corn flour, and
potato flour used
Products
expanded from
the extruder die
and proceeded
through a dryer
to obtain
appropriate
moisture content
Productproduced
frommultiple-
ingredient
formulation
Generallybased
onstarchsuchas
cornorpotato
Extruder perform
cooking,
expansionand
also densifiesand
coolsthe
extrudate
Extruded products

6. Extrusion processing steps
•Ingredients are propelled along the barrel of the extruder
by one or two screws.
•The mechanical screw action and the friction it creates
blends, shears and cooks the material (Held at 120-175ºC
for about 30 seconds).
•At the end of the barrel, the mixture is forced through a
die at high pressure.
•Due to the difference between pressure inside and outside
of the barrel, the material expands, and according the die
shape and the cutter blade action, it creates a pellet of
varying size, shape and density.

7. Types of extruders
There are three major types of extruders:
1.Piston extruders
2.Roller extruders
3.Screw extruders
Based on the no of screw in the barrel:
•Single screw extruder
•Twine screw extruder

8. Piston extruder: consist of single piston or multiple sets of pistons
that deposit a process amount of product on to conveyers or trays.
Roller type extruder : They are used to form the shape of a product. A
roller consisof two counter rotating roller that either turn at similar or
differential speeds. This process is also referred as calendaring in that
dough industry
Screw extruders :Utilize single, twin or multiple screws rotating within
a metal cabinet called the barrel. The screws convey the material formed
and though a small orifice called die which can take on many shapes and
sizes

9. Single screw extruder:
The single screw extruder is an
entry-level machine for small-
scale operations.
Alarge proportion of the
expanded animal feed and
modified raw materials such as
soya bean and corn for feed
purposes use single screw
extrusion.
Twin screw extruder:
A twin-screw extruder has two
screws running in parallel with
intermeshing flightsfor
increased performance.