Eyeball

Eyeball

1. By- Dr. Armaan Singh
Complete Eyeball Info ppt.

2. Eyeball
•Surrounded by Tenon’s fascia
•Attached to corneoscleral
junction
•Dura on optic nerve
•Check ligaments
•Suspensory ligament of
Lockwood
•Cone of muscles
•Fat

3. Eyeball
•Consists of three coats
•Outer layer
•Sclera and cornea
•Choroid
•Retina

4. Cornea
•Transparent
•Avascular
•Forms anterior 1/6
•Smaller sphere than sclera
•Depression at corneoscleral
junction

5. Five Layers of Cornea
1.Corneal epithelium
2.Bowman’s or anterior limiting
membrane
3.Substantia propria
4.Descement’s or posterior
limiting membrane
5.Endothelium

6. Cornea
•Posterior limiting membrane
breaks up at the edges to
form pectinate ligament of iris
•Spaces are called the spaces
of the iridiocorneal angle
(fontana)

7. Iridiocorneal Angle
•If the iridiocorneal angle is
narrowed
•Reabsorption of aqueous
humour into venous sinus of
sclera is blocked
•Causing glaucoma
•Blindness increased intraocular
pressure

8. Cornea
•Cornea is avascular
•Surface must be moist
•Rheumatoid dry
•Not wearing safety goggles
•Scarring of cornea results in
blindness in that portion of
the cornea
•Trachoma, new vessel
formation in the cornea
•Transplants

9. Sclera
•Posterior 5/6
•Opaque
•Insertion muscles
•Vena vorticosae pierce at
equator
•Optic nerve 2.3 mm medial to
axis, the lamina cribrosa
•Central artery of retina
•Long and short cilary vessels
and nerves

10. Suprachoroid Space
•Long ciliary nerves
•Long posterior ciliary arteries
going to iris

11. Choroid
•Choroid proper
•Ciliary body
•Iris
•Vascular layer in posterior part
•Equator of eyeball
•Uveal tract or iridocyclitis

12. Choroid
•Outer limiting membrane
•Veins
•Arteries
•Capillaries
•Inner limiting membrane of
bruch
•Attached to pigmented layer
of retina

13. Ciliary Body
•Triangular
•Apex posterior
•Short base anterior
•Deep surface thrown into
folds called the ciliary
processes
•Ciliary body is vascular,
pigmented

14. Ciliary Zonule
•Suspensory ligament of lens is
attached to the cilary
processes
•The portion of the suspensory
ligament closest to the ciliary
•Processes is called the ciliary
zonule

15. Ciliary Muscles
•Smooth muscle
•Radial is attached to scleral
spur
•Circular within anterior part
of radial muscle
•Parasympathetic oculomotor
3
rd
nerve
•Relays in ciliary ganglion

16. Accommodation Reflex
•Contraction of ciliary
muscles
•Ciliary processes pulled
anteriorly
•Relaxes suspensory
ligament of lens
•Elasticity of lens
•It becomes more convex
•Pupils constrict
•Medial rectus contracts

17. Iris

18. Iris
•Cone shaped diaphragm
•Halfway along anterior of base
of choroid
•Central aperture pupil
•Vascular pigmented
•Amount pigment colour
•Blood vessels long posterior,
anterior cilary arteries; two
circles

19. Iris
•Circular sphincter pupillae
•Oculomotor
•Behind lies radial or dilator
pupillae
•Sympathetic T1 develop from
ectoderm

20. Aqueous Humour
•Aqueous humour is secreted by
ciliary processes into posterior
chamber
•Through the pupil into anterior
chamber
•Spaces of fontana into venous
sinus of sclera or canal of
Schlemn

21. Posterior Chamber
•Bounded posteriorly by
suspensory ligament of lens and
lens
•Peripherally by ciliary processes
•Anteriorly by iris

22. Anterior Chamber
Anterior Chamber
•Bounded posteriorly by iris and
pupil
•Anteriorly by cornea
•Peripherally by spaces of fontana
or iridio-corneal angle

23. Retina
•Nervous layer
•Superficial to deep
•Pigment cells
•Rods and cones
•Bipolar cells
•Ganglion cells
•Axons of the ganglion cells form
optic nerve

24. Rods
•Rods are found at peripheral
portion of the retina
•70 rods connected to one
bipolar cell
•Peripheral vision
•Visual purple sees back and
white

25. Cones
•Cones see colour
•Photoreceptors
•One cone to one bipolar cell
•Found in fovea or macula
lutea
•Directly behind axis
•No nerve fibres or vessels in
front

26. Blood Supply of Retina
•Rods and cones supplied by
capillaries of choroid by
diffusion
•Bipolar and ganglion cells
supplied by central artery of
the retina
•Enters through optic disc,
blind spot

27. Optic Disc

28. Diabetic Hypertensive

29. Detached Retina
•Outer layer of optic cup
•Pigmented layer
•Inner layer
rods and cones
•Removed from their blood
supply

30. Refractive Media
•Cornea
•Aqueous humour of anterior
and posterior chamber
•Lens
•Vitreous body

31. Refractive Media
•Greatest refraction of light
•Takes place at the surface of
the cornea
•Very little refraction after
cornea

32. Lens
•Crystalline
•Translucent
•Avascular structure
•Lies in hyloid fossa
•Posterior surface is highly
convex
•Does not alter its shape

33. Lens
•Suspensory ligament is
attached to periphery of the
lens
•Cataract opaque lens
•Nutrition from aqueous humour

34. Lens
•Supplied by hyloid
•Artery during development
•Hyloid artery regresses remains
as the hyloid canal
•May persist, result a form of
blindness

35. Vitreous Body
•Semiliquid
•Translucent
•Avascular gel
•Enclosed in hyloid membrane
•Opacities may develop in elderly

36. Subconjunctival Haemorrhage