F24 Issues of Food and Hunger POM 10.9.24.pdf

Animal science lecture

1. Issues of Food and Hunger
Paiton McDonald
PhD Student –Bradford Lab
ANS 110, October 9
th
, 2024
[email protected]

2. Outline
•Getting to know each other
•Terminology
•Real world implications
•Future directions
Objectives
1.Students will be able to define food and nutrition security as well as explain the
difference between the two.
2.Students will apply these definitions to multiple examples from across disciplines.
3.Students will be able to explain how animal systems benefit food security.
4.Students will assess if solutions are feasible for solving hunger related issues.

3. But first, a little about me!
•I have a passion for advancing food
security through animal systems
•Completed undergraduate in 2022 at
Iowa State University
•Research in neonatal calf immunology
and disease
•Started my PhD at MSU in 2022 and
joined Bradford lab
•My research projects target calf
immunity through feeding programs
and dry cows
•Colostrum and transition milk
•Dry cow vaccines and feed additives
About me
Lab website

4. 1.Join MSUnet Guest or
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2.Scan and fill out
Let’s get started…
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AV8bM9

5. Food security is composed of four main pillars.
1.Availability
2.Access
3.Utilization
4.Stability
Food is any substance
that provides nutritional
support.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

6. Food security is composed of four main pillars.
1.Availability
2.Access
3.Utilization
4.Stability
Food is any substance
that provides nutritional
support.
Nutrients provide the
essentials for growth
and maintenance of an
organism.
But what is nutrition security?
“Consistent and equitable access to
healthy, safe, and affordable foods that
promote optimal health and well-being.”
United States Department of Agriculture

7. Availability
Access
Utilization
Food security
Nutrition securityStability
Macroscale
Microscale

8. Availability
Access
Utilization
Food security
Nutrition security
Microscale

9. Promoting food and nutrition security is dependent on
many disciplines.
•Animal
agriculture
•Animal health
•Climate change
•Conflict
•Dietary diseases
•Education
•Infrastructure
•International trade
•Malnutrition
•Plants
•Policy and governance
•Fisheries and
aquaculture
•Food loss and
waste
•Foreign aid
•Human rights
•Infectious
diseases
•Populations
•Poverty
•Renewable
energy
•Sustainable
agriculture
•Water and
sanitation
•Water
scarcity

10. Animal agriculture and health are interconnected and
have direct inputs into the food system.
Sick
Sick
Healthy Healthy

11. Animal systems can optimize inputs and outputs under
the right conditions yielding net benefits for consumer.
Animals
metabolize
human inedible
products and
yield human
edible products.

12. Animal products make up a significant portion of the
global food chain.
Animal products
45% of fat
40% of protein
18% of calories

13. Animal products, such as milk, provide children nutrients
and can be associated with improved outcomes.
•Children should grow with age, but growth
requires nutrients, water and air.
•Children also need maintain homeostasis
and physiologically and psychologically
develop.

14. Animal products, such as milk, provide children nutrients
and can be associated with improved outcomes.

15. Animal products, such as milk, provide children nutrients
and can be associated with improved outcomes.

16. Animal products, such as milk, provide children nutrients
and can be associated with improved outcomes.
Milk contains 13
essential nutrients,
including many
vitamins. Vitamins are implicated in
physiological processes
such as immunity and
metabolism.

17. Animal products, such as milk, provide children nutrients
and can be associated with improved outcomes.
•Childhood development:
•Grow: weight and get taller
•Develop immunity
•Neuro skills
•Metabolic and cell
regulation

18. Nutrients function beyond metabolic processes.
INNATE
ADAPTIVE

19. Nutrients function beyond metabolic processes.
INNATE
ADAPTIVE

20. Animal products make up a significant portion of the
global food chain, regardless of country status.
80% of world
is developing
20% of world
is developed
27% of fat
23% of protein
8% of calories
~50% of
protein and fat
26% of calories

21. 80% of world
is developing
20% of world
is developed
But what is the difference between
developing and developed
countries?
The difference lies within economic
status and standard of living.

Developed: strong economic
growth and more industrialized
Developing: poor economic
growth and less industrialized
Animal products make up a significant portion of the
global food chain, regardless of country status.

22. Developing countries
spend more per-capita
household
expenditures on food.
These countries tend to
have higher proportions
of people working
within agriculture.
20% of world
is developed
80% of world
is developing

23. However, country status does not exclude that country
to food insecurity.
87.5% of US households are
food secure
13.5% of US households
are food insecure
5.1% are hungry
8.4% are
without hunger

24. Are there any countries, even the United States,
exempt from any of these factors?
•Animal
agriculture
•Animal health
•Climate change
•Conflict
•Dietary diseases
•Education
•Infrastructure
•International trade
•Malnutrition
•Plants
•Policy and governance
•Fisheries and
aquaculture
•Food loss and
waste
•Foreign aid
•Human rights
•Infectious
diseases
•Populations
•Poverty
•Renewable
energy
•Sustainable
agriculture
•Water and
sanitation
•Water
scarcity
No, every country has
these factors. It is a
matter of how that factor
exists within the country.

25. Let’s practice: how does water scarcity impact food
security?

26. Let’s practice: how does infrastructure impact food
security?

27. Let’s practice: how does renewable energy impact food
security?

28. Enhancing food and nutrition security requires
multidimensional solutions.
•Multidimensional solutions:
•Focus on depth, not breadth
•Address at least one
challenge factor
•Evaluate from multiple
perspectives
•Include affected people, not
exclude – actively listen
80% of world
is developing
20% of world
is developed

29. Enhancing food and nutrition security requires
multidimensional solutions.
•Questions we can ask when proposing
solutions:
•Are these solutions considering the
perspective and insight of affected people?
•What about these solutions makes them
appropriate for this people group?
•Is this a band-aid solution or what root
problem does this address?
•Who needs to initiate the solutions and what
are some potential obstacles?
•Is funding required? Who could support these
efforts?
•What countries can we look to as examples
and learn from as we pursue food security?
80% of world
is developing
20% of world
is developed

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31. Nutrition security is a complex web
of multiple disciplines, including
animal systems, that has a lot of
potential for future growth.
Paiton McDonald
[email protected]
Join us for the World Food Prize
Foundation Michigan State Youth Institute
in May! Email me for more information!