Fabric defects

Knitted fabric defects & remedies
Woven fabric defects & remedies
Dyeing defects & remedies
Printing defects & remedies

1. Fabric defects

2. Contents Introduction Reasons of fabric defects Knitted fabric defects & remedies Woven fabric defects & remedies Dyeing defects & remedies Printing defects & remedies

3. What is a fabric defect? A fabric defect is any abnormality in the fabric that hinders its acceptability by the consumer.

4. REASONS OF FABRIC DEFECTS Yarn manufacturing defects Fabric manufacturing defects Fabric processing defects : dyeing faults, printing and finishing faults.

5. Knitted fabric defects

6. DIFFERENT TYPES OF KNITTING DEFECTS BARRINESS IMPERFECTIONS CONTAMINATIONS OIL LINES SPIRALITY DROP STITCHES NEEDLE LINES HOLES SNAGGING TUCK LOOP

7. BARRINESS horizontal stripes of uniform or variable width .

8. DROP STITCHES These are the unlinked knitted loops.

9. SNAGGING It appears on the fabric as a pulled up yarn float.

10. Causes: During knitting all mechanical influences, caused by rough surfaces on yarn guide elements, yarn feeders, needles, fabric take-up, etc. have to be avoided. Even after knitting some snags can appear especially during fabric setting, if its storage and further processing has not been undertaken carefully. Causes

11. TUCK LOOP A tuck stich is composed of a held loop, one or more tuck loops and knitted loops.  It is produced when a needle holding its loop also receives the new loop.

12. IMPERFeCTIONS Imperfections are the occurrence of k nots , Slubs , neps , Thick & Thin places in the yarn. 

13. CONTAMINATIONS Contaminations appear in the form of foreign matter such as; dyed fibers, husk, dead fibers etc . in the staple spun yarn or embedded in the knitted fabric structure.  

14. laddering Defects caused by one or more broken needles show prominently as vertical lines parallel to the Wales.

15. OIL LINES Oil lines are prominent vertical lines which appear along the length of the knitted fabric tube.

16. Woven Fabric defects

17. Woven Fabric defects can be categorized into 3: Yarn Related Defect 2. W arp direction defect 3. Weft direction defect

18. Yarn related defects Snarling Mixed end/thick end : it can be identified as the warp end having larger diameter than the other warps.

19. Abnormally thick place occurring in the yarn that affects the fabric's appearance. Slub or slug

20. Slub or Slug

21. Warp direction defects Reedy Fabric Marks Appearance of fine cracks across the fabric between warp end groups which resemble denting pattern in the reed.

22. Broken/ missing end Broken/ missing end: it can be identified as the space created in the fabric when a yarn partially or completely is missing from the fabric.

23. Warp Streaks   Warp streaks can be identified as the warp way stripes of shade variations occurring between groups of threads.

24. Warp Streaks

25. A crack is seen along the length of the fabric between the stripes woven with different weaves. Warp way crack defect

26. Weft direction defects G out A ppearance of foreign matter or contamination like lint , waste , etc woven into the fabric.

27. Sloughing Off   When a bunch of or coil of yarn slips from the pirn during weaving then thick yarn bunches or coils appear on the fabric.

28. Miss pick This kind of defect is produced in woven fabric when operator starts a stopped  machine  without picking the broken weft from the shade.

29. Double Pick   This defect happens when more than one pick is inserted in the single shed.

30. Starting marks and cracks   A higher pick density than the normal is referred to as starting mark while a lower pick density is referred to as crack.

31. Broken pattern T his defect occur on drop box looms for fabric that have patterns. If the sequence of weft yarn colour breaks or pattern width of particular colour is distorted, broken pattern defect appears.

32. Broken Pattern

33. Dyeing defects

34. UNLEVELLED /CLOUDY DYEING

35. BARRINESS

36. REPRODUCIBILITY / SHADE VARIATION

37. DYEING PATCHES

38. SOFTENER MARKS

39. TONAL VARIATION

40. CREASE AND ROPE MARKS

41. POOR LIGHT FASTNESS

42. POOR WET AND RUB FASTNESS

43. FABRIC TENDERING

44. SHADE BAR

45. DYE STAINS

46. WHITE SPOTS

47. COLOR CROCKING

48. Printing defects

49. Print distortion due to hanging thread :   The pattern of the print breaks where hanging thread appears

50.   Misprint:   if the print is not as per the design required, or the outlines and the filled in colors in the designed are not aligned properly or there is an absence of print at a particular spot or spots.

51. MISPRINT

52. Uneven print:   Fabric’s print has a tint or bold and dull spaces

53.   Water Mark :  Ripple effect in the print.

54.   Misfits:   Out of Registration print or the incorrect alignment of the print leading to overlapping of colors or patterns in the final print.

55.   Scrimps :   Small unprinted area in the final design .

56. Wicking/Flushing:   printed area bleeding out on the unprinted area on the fabric causing a shadow effect around the print.