Fabric Finishing techniques and innovations

getting to know different finishing techniques used in fabrics and new innovations

1. Fabric Finishing Techniques
and Innovations
Objective 1.02

2. Fabric Finishes
Any special treatments that are applied to
fabrics.
May be permanent or temporary.

3. Purposes of Fabric Finishes
Reduce undesirable characteristics.
Improve desirable characteristics.
Create specific designs.
Offer smoother or firmer hand.
Add specific properties, such as: wrinkle
resistance.

4. Greige Goods
Refers to fabric right off the loom.

5. Dyeing Textiles
Dyes
Compounds that penetrate and color
fibers.
Different fibers require different types.

6. Methods of Dyeing
Stock
Solution
Yarn
Piece
Product

7. Kinds of Dyes
Synthetic fiber dyes: dye depends on type of
fiber
Acid dyes: Acid producing compound is used in
the dye bath. Used on wool, mohair, angora,
and silk.
Fiber reactive dyes: Dyes react to the molecules
of fibers. Used on cotton, rayon, linen, hemp
and silk.
Disperse dye: used on polyester and acetate
fibers.

8. Colorfast
Color in a fabric will not change.

9. Printing Textiles
Involves transferring color to the surface
of a fabric to form a pattern of design.

10. Types of Printing
Roller
Screen
Rotary
Heat transfer
Resist

11. Roller Printing
Design is etched on copper rollers.
Each color in design requires separate
roller.
Simple and fast.
Expensive

12. Screen Printing
Earliest known
method.
Uses a screen to
transfer print.
Different screen for
each color.

13. Rotary Printing
Combines both
roller and screen
printing methods.

14. Heat Transfer
Dyes are first printed on
paper.
Paper is placed on
fabric and with heat and
pressure, the design is
transferred to fabric.
T-shirts are commonly
printed with this method.

15. Resist Printing
Resist printing involves a two-
step procedure in which a
design pattern is printed on a
white or dyed fabric with
chemical or wax that will
prevent the dyes from
penetrating the fabric. When the
fabric is dyed, the color is
absorbed only where there is no
resist. Then the resist is
removed.
Resist
Printing-
uses wax or
chemicals

16. Wood Block Printing
•Earliest form of printing
•Slowest method

17. Digital Printing
Ink jet based
method of
printing
colorants onto
fabric.

18. Structural Design
Woven directly into the fabric.
Provides an interesting texture.
Example: jacquards

19. Finishes Affecting Appearance and
Texture
Stone Washing
Acid washing
Napping
Flocking
Brushing
Embossing

20. Stone Washing and Acid Dyes
Stone Washing:
•Hugely popular in the 1980’s.
•Pumice stones used to create
a faded fabric look.
Acid Dyes:
•Introduced to produce same
effects as stone washing.
•Not environmentally friendly.

21. Enzyme Washes or Bio-Stoning
Less harmful for
the environment.
Various effects can
be achieved.
Can be used to
soften fabric.

22. Napping
Raises the fiber ends to the
surface to be clipped,
brushed, or left raised.
Creates a softer, fuzzy
texture to the fabric.
Common fabrics include:
fleece, suede flannel,
corduroy, and velvet.

23. Flocking
Surface design
Applied to the
fabric.
Applying texture
by depositing
many small fiber
particles onto a
surface of fabric.

24. Brushing
Mechanical Finish
Fabric passed
through wire rollers.
Produces soft and
fluffy fabric.
Common fabric:
fleece

25. Embossing
Fabric is passed
through engraved
rollers.
Creates a raised
design.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p5
yJOb8XmjE

26. Performance Finishes
Antimicrobial/Antibiotic/Antifungal
Anti-static
Durable press (Permanent Press)
Shrinkage control/Sanfordized
Mercerization
Stain release/Stain resistant

27. Performance Finishes
Water repellent and waterproof
Flame-resistant
Mildew resistance
Moth resistance
Wrinkle resistant/
Crease resistant

28. Innovations in Textiles
Microfibers
Polor fleece
Bamboo fabric-biodegradable
Lyocel (Tencel)- Made from wood pulp
from trees grown in replanted forests.
http://
www.bambooclothing.c
o.uk/
why_is_bamboo_better
.html

29. Innovations in Textiles
Biocotton- developed fiber that is non-allergic.
Nanotechnology- molecular structure of the
chemicals used to form fibers has been altered.
Micro Encapsulation
Particles are filled
with active ingredients
and applied to the
fabric or garment.
Examples- moisturizers,
insect repellents

30. Green Fabric Finishes
Reduce the health and environmental
impact by lowering the amount of
chemicals and other harmful substances
used in the finishing process.

31. Smart Fabrics
E-textiles (Electronic
Textiles)
Fabrics that enable
digital components to be
embedded.
Wearable technology