Facial Bones09slideshate

1. Facial, Nasal Bones
Facial, Nasal Bones
A.Waters (Facial)
B.Lateral (Nasal)
C.Rhese (Orbit)
D.Optic (Foramen)
E. Schuller (Zygoma)

2. Anatomy: Facial Bones
14 in number
R and L nasal
R and L lacrimal
R and L maxillary
R and L zygomatic
R and L palantine
R and L inferior nasal conchae
Vomer
Mandible

3. Anatomy: Facial Bones
Anterior facial bones

4. Nasal Bones
Two small, thin bones
Vary in size and shape in individuals
Form superior bony wall of nasal cavity
Commonly called “bridge of nose”
Articulations
With each other in MSP
Superior = frontal bone
Posterosuperior = perpendicular plate of ethmoid
bone
On each lateral side = maxillae

5. Lacrimal Bones
The two smallest bones in the skull
Located in anterior part of medial wall of
orbits between labyrinth of ethmoid and
maxilla
Each bone contains a lacrimal foramen
through which the tear duct passes
Articulations
Frontal
Ethmoid
Maxilla
Inferior nasal concha

6. Zygomatic Bones
Form prominence of cheeks
Form part of side wall and floor of orbits
Temporal process extends posteriorly to join
zygomatic process of temporal bone
Zygomatic arch = formed by union of
temporal process of zygoma and zygomatic
process of temporal bone

7. Zygomatic Bones
Articulations
Superior = frontal bone
Lateral = zygomatic process of temporal
bone
Anterior = maxilla
Posterior = sphenoid

8. Anatomy: Facial Bones
Lateral aspect of facial bones

9. Palantine Bones
Two L-shaped bones composed of vertical
and horizontal plates
Horizontal plates articulate with maxillae to
complete the posterior fourth of bony palate
(roof of mouth)
Vertical portions extend upward between
maxillae and pterygoid processes of sphenoid
in posterior nasal cavity

10. Palantine Bones
Superior tips of vertical plates assist in
forming posteromedial orbit

11. Inferior Nasal Conchae
Extend diagonally and inferiorly from
lateral walls of nasal cavity at its lower
third
Long, narrow, very thin bones with a
lateral curl
Gives scroll-like appearance
Upper two nasal conchae are processes
of ethmoid bone

12. Orbits
Each is comprised of seven bones
Frontal
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Maxilla
Zygoma
Lacrimal
Palatine

13. Anatomy: Orbit
Anterior aspect of orbit

14. Radiographic Procedures
Essential Projections of the
Facial Bones
Slide 14

15. Essential Projections: Facial
Bones
Lateral
Parietoacanthial (Waters)
Acanthioparietal (reverse Waters)

16. Lateral Facial Bones
Patient position
Semiprone or seated in upright anterior
oblique
Part position
MSP of head parallel with IR
IPL perpendicular to IR
IOML parallel with transverse axis of IR

17. Lateral Facial Bones
CR
Perpendicular to IR center
Enters patient on lateral surface of
zygomatic bone halfway between outer
canthus and EAM

18. Parietoacanthial (Waters) Facial
Bones
Patient position
Prone or seated upright
Center MSP to midline of upright Bucky

19. Parietoacanthial (Waters) Facial
Bones
Part position
Rest head on tip of extended chin
Place OML to form 37-degree angle with
plane of IR
MML perpendicular to IR
MSP perpendicular to IR
Center IR to level of acanthion

20. Parietoacanthial (Waters) Facial
Bones
CR
Perpendicular to exit acanthion

21. Acanthioparietal (Reverse
Waters) Facial Bones
Patient position
Supine
MSP centered to midline of grid
Part position
Extend chin and neck to place OML at a
37-degree angle with the plane of the IR
MML almost perpendicular to IR plane
MSP perpendicular to IR plane

22. Acanthioparietal (Reverse
Waters) Facial Bones
CR
Perpendicular to enter acanthion
Center IR and CR

23. Essential Projections: Nasal
Bones
Lateral

24. Lateral Nasal Bones
Patient position
Semiprone
MSP of head horizontal
Part position
MSP parallel with tabletop
IPL perpendicular to tabletop
IOML is parallel with transverse axis of IR

25. Lateral Nasal Bones
CR
Perpendicular to bridge of nose
Enters at a point ½¢¢ (1.3 cm) distal to
nasion
Close collimation

26. Essential Projections: Zygomatic
Arches
Submentovertical
Tangential
AP Axial (modified Towne)

27. Submentovertical Zygomatic
Arches
Patient position
Seated upright or supine
If supine, elevate thorax
Part position
Hyperextend neck to place IOML parallel
with IR plane
Rest head on vertex
MSP perpendicular to IR plane

28. Submentovertical Zygomatic
Arches
CR
Perpendicular to IOML
Enters MSP of throat at level 1¢¢ (2.5 cm)
posterior to outer canthi
Center IR and CR

29. Tangential Zygomatic Arches
Patient position
Seated upright with back against vertical
Bucky
Supine with trunk elevated

30. Tangential Zygomatic Arches
Part position
Hyperextend neck and rest head on vertex
IOML as parallel with IR plane as possible
Rotate MSP of head 15 degrees toward
side being examined
Tilt top of head 15 degrees away from side
being examined
Center zygomatic arch to IR

31. Tangential Zygomatic Arches
CR
Perpendicular to IOML
Centered to zygomatic arch at a point 1¢¢
(2.5 cm) posterior to outer canthus
Centered to IR

32. AP Axial (Modified Towne)
Zygomatic Arches
Patient position
Seated upright or supine
Part position
MSP perpendicular to midline of grid
OML perpendicular to IR plane
May use IOML and increase CR angle

33. AP Axial (Modified Towne)
Zygomatic Arches
CR
Angled 30 degrees caudad to enter glabella
about 1¢¢ (2.5 cm) above nasion
If IOML used, angle 37 degrees caudad
Center IR and CR

34. Lateral Facial Bones
All facial bones in their entirety
Zygomatic bone in center
Almost perfectly superimposed
mandibular rami
Superimposed orbital roofs
No rotation of sella turcica

35. Lateral Facial Bones

36. Parietoacanthial (Waters) Facial
Bones
Distance between lateral border of skull
and orbit equal on both sides
Petrous ridges projected immediately
below maxillary sinuses

37. Parietoacanthial (Waters) Facial
Bones

38. Acanthioparietal (Reverse
Waters) Facial Bones
Distance between lateral border of skull
and orbit equal on both sides
Petrous ridges projected immediately
below maxillary sinuses

39. Acanthioparietal (Reverse
Waters) Facial Bones

40. Lateral Nasal Bones
No rotation of nasal bone and soft
tissue
Anterior nasal spine and frontonasal
suture

41. Lateral Nasal Bones

42. Submentovertical Zygomatic
Arches
Zygomatic arches free from overlying
structures
Zygomatic arches symmetric and
without foreshortening
No rotation of head

43. Submentovertical Zygomatic
Arches

44. Tangential Zygomatic Arches
Zygomatic arches free from overlying
structures
Zygomatic arch not overexposed

45. Tangential Zygomatic Arches

46. AP Axial (Modified Towne)
Zygomatic Arches
No overlap of zygomatic arches by
mandible
No rotation evident
Arches symmetric
Zygomatic arches projected lateral to
mandibular rami

47. AP Axial (Modified Towne)
Zygomatic Arches