Factors affecting prenatal growth report.pptx

Factors affecting prenatal growth report.pptx

1. Factors affecting prenatal growth

2. Objectives At the end of the session, student should be able to: 1. identify the various factors affecting prenatal growth; and 2. r eflect on the importance of parent’s health while the baby is developing in the mother’s womb.

3. Prenatal “before birth; during or relating to pregnancy.” You've most likely heard the word paired with other words like care, healthcare, or vitamins. Prenatal Development is defined as the process of growth and development within the womb from fertilization until birth. During this process, the zygote grows into an embryo and then a fetus.

4. Two Categories influence Prenatal G rowth Teratogens -Any environmental agent that cause harm on the developing organism during pregnancy. -Came from the Greek word TERAS meaning MALFORMATION Maternal Medications -pregnant women are discouraged from taking medicine/ drugs except when their health is at risk ( Crandell , C randel and Zanden , 2009)

5. 1960’s THALIDOMIDE a non addictive sedative was prescribed to pregnant women for their morning sickness. 10, 000 children were born with severe malformations. Miller and Stromland ( 1999) reported that many of the thalidomide survivors experienced early age-related issues such as osteoarthritis, joint mobility issues and coronary heart disease. Accutane known by the generic name “ISOTRETENOIN” is a drug prescribed to pregnant women as a treatment for severe acne.

6. Some common drugs that causes serious damage to the developing baby include: Quinine- a treatment for malaria that can cause congenital deafness Barbiturates- sedation drugs that can affect the fetus’ oxygen supply which may result in brain damage Antihistamines- can increase the mother’s susceptibility to spontaneous abortion. Steroids for asthma- may cause complications during pregnancy. Aspirin- an over-the-counter drug that is linked to low birth weight, infant death, poor motor development, and low intelligence scores.

7. Maternal diseases and illnesses it is inevitable for women to catch an illness or disease during pregnancy. Without being fully aware, mothers can pass on infections which maybe caused by; Raw foods pets Exposure from people who are infected ( some can be passed along during sexual intercourse) There is a high probability that the virus, bacteria, and other parasites directly affecting mothers might cross the placenta and infect the developing baby ( crandell , crandel ,& zanden,2009) .

8. Example of this are the form of measles called rubella. This lead to about 13,000 fetal and new born deaths during the 1960’ s. Rubella causes great damage during the embryonic stage of pregnancy. Malformations such as deafness, eye deformities, heart, genital, urinary, intestinal, bone and dental defects and mental retardation was observed in more that 50% of newborns. I t can cause lifelong problems such as mental illness , diabetes , cardio- vascular disease , and thyroid and immune system dysfunction in adulthood ( brown, 2006;duszak, 2009 as cited in B erk , 2013 ) The bacteria that causes syphilis can penetrate the placental barrier and cause gret damage to the developing organism unlike most other bacteria. Compared to other diseases, syphilis is more dangerous in the later prenatal development.

9. Growth retardation, liver damage, and problems in the nervous system were also evident on some children who were expose to syphilis prenatally ( fletcher & Gordon, 1990, as cited in fabes & and martin, 2000). human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) is transferred through the bodily fluids of an infected person. An infected mother can pass on the virus to the baby during pregnancy , childbirth , and breastfeeding. This diseases can lead to weight loss, diarrhea, and repeated respiratory illness in infants before they turn six moths old. Can also caused brain damage as evidence by seizures, gradual brain weight loss, and delayed mental and motor development. 50% of babies born with prenatal AIDES die on their first year and 90% by the age of three ( devi et al.,2009, as cited in Berk , 2013).

10. Effects of some maternal diseases and illness during pregnancy Auto immune deficiency syndrome ( AIDES) x ? ∕ ? Chicken pox x ∕ ∕ ∕ Cytomegalovirus ∕ ∕ ∕ ∕ Herpes simplex 2 (Genital Herpes) ∕ ∕ ∕ ∕ Mumps ∕ ? x x Rubella ( german measles) ∕ ∕ ∕ ∕ Viral diseases miscarriage Physical malformations Mental retardations Low birth weight and prematurity

11. Bacteria chlamydia ∕ ? x ∕ syphilis ∕ ∕ ∕ ? Tuberculosis ∕ ? ∕ ∕ PARASITIC malaria ∕ x x ∕ toxoplasmosis ∕ ∕ ∕ ∕