Factors influencing population growth

India currently faces a vicious cycle of population explosion and poverty. One of the most important reasons for this population increase in India is poverty. According to Geography.com, “More than 300 million Indians earn less than US $1 everyday and about 130 million people are jobless.”

1. Comparing Jamaica with India Farah Christian Factors Influencing Population Growth

2. What is Population Growth? An  increase  in the number of people that reside in a country, state, county, or city. To determine whether there has been  population growth , the following formula is used: ( birth rate + immigration) - (death rate + emigration ) http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/population-growth.html

3. Factors Influencing Population Growth

4. Caribbean Population Characteristics The current population of  Caribbean  is  44,189,403  as of Friday, August 17, 2018, based on the latest United Nations estimates. Caribbean population is equivalent to  0.58%  of the total world population. Caribbean ranks number  3  in Latin America and the Caribbean  among  sub-regions ranked by population . Source : http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/caribbean-population /

5. Caribbean Population Characteristics The population density in Caribbean is 195 per Km 2  (506 people per mi 2 ). The total land area is 225,996 Km2 (87,258 sq. miles) 71.5 %  of the population is  urban  (31,555,780 people in 2018). The  median age  in Caribbean is  30.6 years . Source: http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/caribbean-population /

6. Caribbean Population Characteristics Year Population 2018 44,155,323 2017 43,883,319 2016 43,601,839 2015 43,309,611 2010 41,724,731 2005 40,115,790 2000 38,403,986 1995 36,423,237 1990 34,237,274 1985 31,948,027 1980 29,772,038 1975 27,641,021 1970 25,309,989 1965 23,082,713 1960 20,722,931 1955 18,796,503 Source:  Worldometers  ( www.Worldometers.info ) Elaboration of data by United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.  World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision . (Medium-fertility variant). The table reflects Caribbean population for selected years since 1955. What is the difference in population between 1955 and 2018? Estimate the rate of growth for the region

7. Caribbean Population Characteristics According to the World Bank, the fastest-growing population in the region is one of the tiniest: the Turks and Caicos Islands, which has seen an average annual growth of 4.5 percent from 2000 to 2012 . Second was the Cayman Islands, which saw an average annual growth rate of 2.7 percent from 2000 to 2012 . Among sovereign Caribbean countries, it’s Belize that has the highest growth rate, at 2.6 percent, followed by the Bahamas at 1.9 percent. Carib Journal (2013)

8. Comparing the Caribbean with India & China Population Characteristics The Caribbean India China   Jamaica Barbados Total Population (2018) 2,899,789 286,436 1, 356, 015, 189 1,415,774,544 Growth Rate 0.29% 0.23% 1.11% 0.39% Birth Rate (per 1000) 18 12 19 12 Death Rate (per 1000) 7 9 7 8 Net Migration - 4 NOTE Net Migration - The difference between the number of persons entering and leaving a country during the year per 1,000 persons. (An excess of persons entering the country is referred to as net immigration (e.g., 3.56 migrants/1,000 population); an excess of persons leaving the country as net emigration (e.g., -9.26 migrants/1,000 population). 

9. Factors Influencing Growth in the Caribbean: Case Study, Jamaica

10. Jamaica The population of Jamaica increased rapidly in the 1900’s but in recent times, the rate of growth has decreased. Though the population is still growing, it is not growing as quickly as it was in past decades.  population growth in Jamaica has generally been on the decline for some time. In the early 1980’s the population growth rate was almost two percent but by 2011, the rate had dropped to about a quarter of one percent

11. Jamaica The  fertility rate  has decreased drastically in the last few decades . The  birth rate  has also decreased. The decrease in the birth and fertility rates has a negative effect on the rate of population growth. The number of women of child bearing has increased but the number of babies being born each year has dropped The fertility and birth rates have decreased partly because: - more women now pursue careers and thus delay childbearing - birth control is more readily available - planned parenthood efforts from the 1990s; the “two is better than too many” campaign has been maintained The fall in the birth rate has caused a  decrease in the rate of natural increase .

12. Jamaica Life expectancy  has increased and infant mortality has decreased as a result of improvements in living conditions and medical care. This will tend to have a positive effect on the rate of population growth. There is a significant outflow of migrants to the USA, Canada, Britain and other Caribbean territories. There is a much smaller number of people moving into Jamaica from other countries. Since  emigration  is greater than  immigration , this will have a negative effect on population growth.

13. INDIA Reasons for Increase in Population

14. Birth Rate 1. Poverty According to ABC News, India currently faces approximately “… 33 births a minute, 2,000 an hour, 48,000 a day, which calculates to nearly 12 million a year”. India currently faces a vicious cycle of population explosion and poverty. One of the most important reasons for this population increase in India is poverty. According to Geography.com, “More than 300 million Indians earn less than US $1 everyday and about 130 million people are jobless.” Also, due to poverty, the infant mortality rate among such families is higher due to the lack of facilities like food and medical resources. Thus, they produce more children assuming that not all of them would be able to survive.

15. Birth Rate 2. Religious Beliefs India’s culture runs very deep and far back in history. Due to the increased population, the educational facilities are very scarce. As a result, most people still strictly follow ancient beliefs. According to ABC News, the famous Indian author, Shobha De said, “God said ‘Go forth and produce’ and we just went ahead and did exactly that.” In addition, a lot of families prefer having a son rather than a daughter. As a result, a lot of families have more children than they actually want or can afford, resulting in increased poverty, lack of resources, and most importantly, an increased population. Another one of India’s’ cultural norms is for a girl to get married at an early-age. In most of the rural areas and in some urban areas as well, families prefer to get their girls married at the age of 14 or 15.

16. Death Rate Although poverty has increased and the development of the country continues to be hampered, the improvements in medical facilities have been tremendous. This improvement might be considered positive, but as far as population increase is considered, it has only been positive in terms of increasing the population further. This development is good for the economy and society of India, but strictly in terms of population, this advancement has further enhanced the increase in population. The average life expectancy of people in India has increased from 52.9 in 1975-1930 to 62.4 in 1995- 2000.

17. Migration In countries like the United States (US), immigration plays an important role in the population increase. However, in countries like India, immigration plays a very small role in the population change. Although people from neighbouring countries like Bangladesh, Pakistan and Nepal migrate to India; at the same time Indians migrate to other countries like the US, Australia, and the UK During the 1971 war between India and Pakistan over Bangladesh, the immigration rate increased tremendously. However, currently the migration in India is -0.08 migrants per 1000 population and is decreasing further. This is definitely good for India. This way, the population might eventually come close to being under control and more people may get better job opportunities and further education.

18. References Carib Journal (2013). The Caribbean’s Fastest and Slowest-growing Populations. Retrieved from https://www.caribjournal.com/2013/11/18/the-caribbeans-fastest-and-slowest-growing-populations/# Geoforcxc . (2016). Population Growth in Jamaica. Retrieved from https://www.geoforcxc.com/population/case-study-jamaica/ Index Mundi. (2018) Thematic Maps. Retrieved August 18, 2018 from https://www.indexmundi.com/map/? t=0&v=27&r=as&l=en Puja Mondal ( n.d .). Factors Influencing Growth Pattern of Population in India. Retrieved from http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/population/factors-influencing-growth-pattern-of-population-in-india/39538 World Population Review. (2018) Retrieved August 18, 2018 from http://worldpopulationreview.com /