Families periodict.ppt (1)

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1. The Periodic Table Families of Elements

2. The Periodic Table Zn Cd Hg

3. Families : groups of elements that have similar chemical properties. five families Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Transition metals Halogens Noble gases

4. Alkali Metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr) Most reactive family of metals Group 1: only 1 valence electron Never found free in nature Kept in mineral oil or inert gas in lab

5. Alkali Metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr) Very reactive with nonmetals, especially Halogens like chlorine Very reactive with oxygen ( form oxides) Very reactive with water ( hydroxides)

6. Alkali Metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr) Metals ( but not always ‘typical’ metals* ) Good conductors of heat/electricity Malleable and ductile Solid at room temperature M.P. and B. P. lower than most metals* All soft (can be cut with a knife) and shiny silver and lighter (less dense) than other metals ( Li, Na and K float on water )*

7. The Periodic Table Zn Cd Hg

8. Alkaline Earth Metals (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra) 2nd most reactive family of metals Group 2: only 2 valence electrons Never found free in nature

9. Alkaline Earth Metals (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra) Metals Similar properties to alkali metals Electrical conductors Malleable and ductile Shiny Silvery white solids But harder and more dense with higher M.P. and B.P. than group 1

10. The Periodic Table Zn Cd Hg

11. Transition Metals 21 (Scandium) through 29 (Copper) 39 (Yttrium) through 47 (Silver) 57 (Lanthanum) through 79 (Gold) 89 (Actinium) and all higher numbers

12. Transition Metals Have special electron rules Can use two outermost shells to bond with other elements Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes

13. Transition Metals Properties vary but most … have lower reactivity Don’t react quickly with H 2 O or O 2 form brightly colored compounds

14. Transition Metals Properties vary but most are… Very good conductors of heat/electricity Malleable and ductile Hard, tough and strong Lustrous and shiny High M.P. High density have lower reactivity

15. The Periodic Table Zn Cd Hg

16. The Halogen Family (F, Cl, Br, I, At) Most reactive family of nonmetals Group 7: 7 valence electrons Never found free in nature

17. The Halogen Family (F, Cl, Br, I, At) Nonmetals Poor conductors of heat & electricity Crumbly and brittle (when solid) M.P. and B. P. are low Characteristic colors and odors Toxic or poisonous

18. The Periodic Table Zn Cd Hg

19. The Noble Gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn) Unreactive (stable) family of gases Group 8: all have full outer shells 2 valence electrons for Helium 8 valence electrons for all others Always found free in nature Do not form compounds Some Xe compounds have been formed, but they are not very stable

20. The Noble Gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn) Nonmetals Colorless, odorless, tasteless gases at R.T. (Earth’s atmosphere) nonflammable Very low B.P. and M.P.

21. Atomic Mass Weight by Mole 1mole of H = 1.008g 1mole of Au = 197g 1mole of O = 16g

22. Hydrogen Hydrogen properties of both group 1 and 7 typically shown listed with group 1 non-metal lightest element Least dense element diatomic gas (RT) colorless, odorless, and tasteless highly flammable

23. Atomic Mass Group: Couple

24. Atomic Mass Group: Dozen

25. Atomic Mass Group: Baker’s Dozen (13)

26. Atomic Mass Weight by dozens 1 doughnut = 30g 12 x 30g = 360g = mass 1 dozen doughnuts 1 egg = 60g 12 X 60g = 720g = mass 1 dozen eggs 1 person = 60000g 12 X 6000g = 720000g = mass 1 dozen people

27. Atomic Mass Weight by dozens One dozen atoms?? Can you place 1 dozen atoms (12) in a container and weigh them? Can you place 602,214,150,000,000,000,000,000 atoms in a container and weigh them? http://science.howstuffworks.com/avogadros-number.htm

28. Atomic Mass Weight by Avogrado’s number: 6.022 x 10 23 6.022 x 10 23 atoms of H = 1.008g 6.022 x 10 23 atoms of Au = 197g 6.022 x 10 23 atoms of O = 16g

29. Atomic Mass Weight by mole(1 mole = 6.022 x 10 23 atoms) 1 mole of H = 1.008g 1 mole of Au = 197g 1 mole of O = 16g