Families Poaceae and amaranthaceae.pptx

About family poaceae

1. Presented to – dr. preeti khanduri uniyal Presented by – km. anamika uniyal Class- m. sc.2 nd sem Subject- taxonomy of angiosperms Departmeent of botany ,pg college kotdwar Families Poaceae and amaranthaceae

2. Family poaceae Name ‘ poaceae ’ was given by john hendly in 1895 It was given on the basis of tribe poeae The meaning of this word is fodder Also known as gramineae or grass family Represented the fifth largest family 500 genera and 4,500 species in this family

3. Vegetative characters Habit – annual, biennial,perennials , herbs, shrubs, few woody Root –adventitious, fibrous ,stilt in maize Stem - jointed , errect , creeping, fistular (bamboo),hard and (maize),nodes and internodes Leaf - simple, alternate, sessile, stipule called ligule .

4. Floral characters Inflorescence - spikelets Flower - sesssile,unisexual or bisexual, hypogynous , zygomorphic . Perianth - absent sometime ,sometime 2 or 3 lodicules are present androecium - 3stamens, sometime 6 in rice Gynoecium - monocarpellary, syncarpous,suprior fruit - caryopsis Seed - endospermic Pollination - wind pollination

5. Important genera Zea mays Oryza sativa Triticum aestivum Pennisetum glaucum Saccharaum officinarum Bambusa bamboo Cymbopogon citarus

6. Classification genus ( oryza ) Kingdom – plantae Phylum angiosperm Class- monocotyledonae Order – poales family- poaceae 12 subfamily Genus – oryza sativa

7. Oryza sativa ( rice- chawal ) habit – annual herb, cultivated as annual cereal in both tropical and temperature regions root - the seminal or primary root and the adventitious or secondary roots Stem - erect, cylindrical , hollow except at nodes, 6 to 8mm, thick, nodes and internodes conspicuos Leaf –they always emerge from the nodesnoral leaf possesses the leaf sheath, ligule , auricles and leaf blade

8. Floral characters Inflorescence - a terminal panicle, the inflorescence borne on the peducle or on the upper –most internodes spikelets - spikelets are either singly flower - bracteate , a large conspicuos bract, the lemma Perianth - two broad, thick and fleshy lodicules androecium - six stamen , arranged in two whorls Gynoecium - single carpel, ovary superior, unilocular , longe than broad Fruit - a caryopsis

9. Floral diagram of oryza sativa

10. Importance of poaceae use as food members of this family are good source of food, wheat, maize , rice , sugarcane etc Use as food of animals eg fodder for cattle and sheeps etc oils are obtained Industrial uses - manufacturing of paper sugar is obtanied Biofuel production Medicinal - cymbopogon jwarancusa is used to cure fever and flu

11. amaranthaceae Origin - south east asia Distribution - tropical, sub tropical and temperate regions as Grain crops Potherbs ornaments dye plants There are about 64 genera and 800 species in this family

12. Vegetative & floral characters Habit - the plant are herbs , shurbs,annual or perennial Leaves – oppositeor alternate, simple, entire, exstipulate Inflorescenc e - racemose type Flower - minute and aaranged in dense fascicles eg . Celosia cristata Perianth – dry, white or coloured , 4or 5 paeianth leaves Androcium - 4or 5 stamens opposite the perianth leaves Gynoecium – 2 or 3 carpels , syncarpous ovary is unilocular and superior Fruit - dry ,may be nut, drupe or berry

13. Classification of amaranthus ( genus) Kingdom – plantae Phylum- angiosperm Class- monocotyledonae order- amarathales Family- amaranthaceae

14. Amaranthus spinosus ( genera) habit - a spiny herb Root - tap and branched Stem – erect, aerial, branched, herbaceous , terete , solid, smooth, green leaf- cauline and ramal , exsipulate , alternate, simple , petioate,ovate , entire, acute

15. Floral characters inflorescence- spike Male flower- bracteate , bracteolate, sessile, actinomorphic , unisexual, incomplete, staminate,spike Perianth - 5 tepals , polytepalous , quincuncial aestivation, membranous . Androecium – 4-5 stamen , polyandrous, anteposed , filament long . Gynoecium – absent Female flower- bracteate , bracteolate, sessile, unisexual, incomplete,pistillate,actinomorphic , cyclic perianth -5tepals,polytepalous,quincuncial, membranous androecium - absent Gynoecium – 2 carpels , syncarpous , ovary superior Fruit - utricle

16. Importance of amaranthaceae Few species are grown as ornamental plants eg amaranthus blitum , Amaranthus spinosus eng- prickly amaranth verna – katailchaulai this is spiny herb , the ash of the leaves use in dyeing amaranthus caudatus , verna – ramdana this is grown as a vegetable in north india . This is grow as ornamental digera muricata , verna – latmohuria – this is a herb , its tender twigs and inflorescences are used as vegetable